184 ZOOLOGY. 
species. It is well represented in the United States, where it includes the. 
large diurnal species. One of the most common is’ Papilio turnus, which 
is yellow, ornamented with black stripes, like pl. 80, fig. 48. The posterior 
edge of each posterior wing has a spatulate projection. : 
The group to which Hesperra (H. malvarum, pl. 80, fig. 22) belongs, 
sometimes have a small hook at the end of the ee of the antenne, and 
the discoidal cell of the inferior wing is open. ‘They fly about with a 
succession of jerks, and when they sit, the lower wings are held in a 
horizontal position. The larve are smooth, with a large head. That of 
EHudamus tityrus is green with the head rufous. It feeds upon the leaves 
of Robinia. . 
Lycena hippothoé (pl. 80, fig. 23), Polyommatus argiolus (fig. 24), P. 
argus ( fig. 25), Thecla quercus (fig. 27), T. pruni (fig. 28), T. betule (fig. 
29). These insects (the Lycenide of Leach) are small and slightly made, 
with delicate marks and spots, the colors pale beneath and dark above, as 
brown in Thecla, coppery in Lyczena, and blue in Polyommatus. 
Argynms paphia (pl. 80, fig. mi A. aglaa (fig. 31), Vanessa c-album 
(fig. 82), V. atalanta (fig. 33), V. . urtice (fig. 84), V. antopa ( Ig. wien A 
cardua (fig. 88), V. orithia (fig. 41), V.20 (fig. 42), Apatura iris (fig. 37), 
Hipparchia semele (fig. 89), H. galathea (fig. 40), H. pamphilus (fig. 43). 
These constitute a group, considered a family (Nymphalide) by some. 
They are finely ornamented, and the inferior surface is often marked with — 
eye-like circles and silvery spots. The anterior feet are rudimentary. 
Gonepteryx rhamni (pl. 80, fig. 44), Colias hyale (fig. 45), Pontia 
cardamines (fig. 46), belong to Westwood’s sub-family Pzerides. 
Dorites apollo (pl. 80, fig. 41), Papilio podalurvus (fig. 48), P. machaon 
( fig. 49), P. eneus ( fig. 50), are typical members of the family. 
Orver 9. Hemiptera (pl. 80, figs. 52-77). This order is distinguished 
by the compound rostrum formed for piercing and sucking, and of which 
the lower lip incloses the mandibles and maxille, which are in the form of 
bristles. These insects live upon vegetable and animal juices, those which 
feed upon the former being the most numerous. The Linnean name 
Hemiptera indicates a character which some members of the order possess, 
namely, a thickening of the basal portion of the anterior wings, whilst the 
remaining part is thin and transparent. Fabricius and Burmeister reject 
this name as inapplicable, and apply one (Rhynchota) founded upon the 
character of the mouth. The larva and pupa are active and take food at 
all times, so that the metamorphosis is not complete. 
This ace is divisible into two sections, according as the wings are of a 
uniform or varied texture; and this slight distinction has been taken as a 
sufficient basis to form these sections into orders named Homoptera and 
Heteroptera. 
Blanchard divides the order into eight “tribes,” of which the four first are 
homopterous and the four last are heteropterous, as follows: Coccinzens, 
Aphidiens, Fulgoriens, Cicadiens, Nepiens, Reduviens, Lygéens, Scutel- 
lervens. 
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