346 ZOOLOGY. 
depressed ; wings long, pointed; tail short, rounded; tarsi and feet short 
and strong. Size moderate; colors plain. 
About fifty species of peculiar-looking birds constitute this sub-family. 
They are strictly confined to South America and the West Indies, migrat- 
ing according to the seasons, and living exclusively on insects. 
The Cayenne flycatcher, Tityra cayanus, is a well known species. Its 
plumage is almost entirely dusky white, with a black head. 
Sub-fam. 5. Muscicapine, or true Flycatchers. Bill moderate, broad at 
base, gradually compressed to the tip; gape furnished with strong bristles ; 
wings !ong and generally pointed ; tarsi and feet short and slender. Size 
generally small. 
An extensive sub-family, containing not less than two hundred and fifty 
species of birds, inhabiting all parts of the world. 
The North American species belong to the genus Setophaga, one of the 
most common species of which is the American redstart, S. ruticilla. It is 
abundant in the woods during summer, and is a very lively and pretty little 
bird. 
“ This,” says Audubon, “is one of the most lively as well as one of the 
handsomest of our flycatchers, and ornaments our woods during spring and 
summer, when it cannot fail to attract the attention of any person who may 
visit the interior of the shady forests. It is to be met with over the whole - 
of the United States, where it arrives, according to the different localities, 
between the first of March and the first of May. It takes its departure, on 
its way southward, late in September and in the beginning of October.” 
The hooded flycatcher, S. mitrata, is a very handsome species belonging 
to this sub-family. Its plumage is of bright yellow and green, with a black 
hood covering the greater part of the head. 
The Canada flycatcher, S. canadensis, is another beautiful little bird, 
which is frequently met with in all parts of the United States. 
The most abundant European species are the grey flycatcher, Muscicapa 
grisola (pl. 101, fig. 17), and the white-necked flycatcher, M. albicollis 
(fig. 18). 
Nearly all the many remaining species of these birds are natives of the 
tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and America. 
A very beautiful species of South America is the great-crested, or king 
of the flycatchers, M. regia (pl. 101, fig. 19), remarkable for its large crest 
of purple and crimson feathers. It is frequently brought in collections. 
Sub-fam. 6. Vireonine, or Greenlets. Bull moderate, straight, com- 
pressed, tip curved; gape with short bristles; wings rather long; tail 
moderate ; tarsi and feet rather long, and moderately strong. Size small ; 
colors generally olive green and white. 
About a dozen birds of peculiar form and habits are arranged here. 
They are almost exclusively North American, two or three species only 
having been found in the southern parts of this continent. 
The red-eye, Vireo olivaceus, the warbling flycatcher, V. gilvus, the 
solitary, V. solitarius, the white-eye, V. noveboracensis, and the yellow: 
breasted, V. flavifrons, are the commonest species. 
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