AVES. 347 
The first (the red-eye) is one of the most abundant birds in the woods 
of the northern states. In the spring months, he is one of the most 
conspicuous of our singers, and, though his notes are short, they are very 
musical and lively. He builds a very pretty hanging nest, frequently on 
a low bush, in which he raises two broods in the season. 
The white-eyed flycatcher is remarkable for his exceedingly loud voice, 
and great disposition to use it upon all occasions. He frequents bushes 
and places overgrown with briers, especially the green brier (Smilaz), 
where he makes himself heard at all hours of the day. 
The other species mentioned above are less frequently met with. 
Fam. 4. Ameetipoa#, or Cuatrrerers. Bill moderately strong, generally 
broad at base, and depressed, compressed to the tip; wings long; tail 
moderate ; tarsi and feet usually short. 
This family, though not so numerous in species as the preceding, is 
distributed throughout the world; most abundant, however, in tropical 
regions. 
The species are for the greater part showy birds, but many of the 
smallest species especially are remarkable for the richness of their colors. 
Sub-fam. 1. Pachycephaline, or Broad-headed Chatterers. Bill mode- 
rate, broad at base, compressed to the tip, gape with a few slender bristles ; 
wings moderate, more or less rounded ; tarsi and feet rather lengthened 
and slender. 
A group of about fifty little birds peculiar to India and Australia. The 
Australian species ‘are most numerous, and are pretty little birds found in 
localities of very various characters, sometimes in the forest and occa 
sionally in the vicinity of dwellings. Pardalotus puctatus is one of the 
common species. 
Sub-fam. 2. Piprine, or Manakins. Bill short, broad at base, depressed, 
rather arched, compressed to the tip; wings short; tail short, truncate ; 
tarsi and feet rather long and slender. Size small, plumage frequently 
handsome. Found in South America, except one species which inhabits 
India. They are represented as being very lively and active in their 
habits, and are said to have very discordant voices, the note of one species 
having been compared by a traveller to the sound produced by cracking 
a nut. 
The long-tailed manakin (Pipra caudata), the black-headed (P. melano- 
cephala), the blue manakin (P. pareoia), and the red-headed (P. erythro- 
cephala), are common species. 
The cock of the rock, Rupicola aurantia (pi. 101, fig. 16), is arranged 
here. It is a beautiful bird, entirely clothed in bright orange-red plumage, 
with a crest laterally compressed, giving it a very peculiar appearance. It 
inhabits the warmer parts of South America, and frequents the vicinity of 
retired, rocky places, in the interior of the forests. 
The green cock of the rock (Calyptomina viridis) is the Indian species 
which is placed in this group. It is found in the forests, and appears to be 
quite similar in habits to the South American bird. 
Subfam. 3. Ampeline, or True Chatterers. Bill rather long, very 
551 
