348 ZOOLOGY. 
wide at base, depressed ; wings moderate; tail generally short and trun- 
cate ; tarsi short, toes long. Colors gay ; size various. 
The majority of these birds inhabit South America, and are remarkable 
for the richness of the colors of their plumage. They feed on fruits and 
insects, and migrate according to the season. The blue chatterer (Ampelis 
cerulea), the banded chatterer, A. cortinga (pl. 101, fig. 21), and the 
purple chatterer (A. pompadora), are frequently met with, as is also 
a beautiful scarlet-crested species, A. carnifix (fig. 20). | 
The Bohemian chatterer of Europe (Bombycilla garrula), and the cedar 
bird of America (B. cedrorum), belong to this sub-family. The former 
species is found in the forests of Northern Europe and also in the northern 
parts of America. The latter, which is the cedar bird of the United 
States, frequents cedar woods and such localities throughout this country. 
This and the other species of the same genus have very fine silky plumage 
of deep ashy color, and are remarkable for. the curious appendages to the 
tips of their wing feathers, which have much the appearance of small drops 
of red sealing-wax. 
Sub-fam. 4. Campephagine, or Caterpillar-catchers. Bill short, de- 
pressed, gape furnished with short bristles; wings moderate; tail rather 
long; tarsi and feet short. | : 
About sixty birds compose this group, which are distributed over the — 
tropical regions of the old and new worlds. Many of the Indian species 
are very showy birds, with bright scarlet plumage, living in the recesses of 
the forests, and disposed to hide themselves when approached. At least 
thirty of the species are restricted to the Indian islands and to Australia. 
Others have plain grey or ashy plumage, such as Campephaga nigra and 
melanops, which are frequently seen in collections. 
Sub-fam. 5. Dicrurine, or Drongo Shrikes. Baill rather lengthened, 
broad at base, curved, gape with strong bristles; wings long; tarsi and 
feet short and strong; tail frequently long and forked. Size larger than 
the preceding. Colors frequently black. 
This sub-family is composed of about forty birds, strictly confined to 
Asia and Africa. 
The location of this sub-family here is of very doubtful accuracy, as the 
affinities of the birds composing it are evidently more to the family imme- 
diately succeeding. 
A genus (Artamus) composed of ten or twelve species is arranged here. 
They are called swallow shrikes on account of their having long, swallow- 
like wings. They principally inhabit India, and are commonly observed in 
pursuit of insects on the wing. 
The drongo shrikes (Dicrurus) are mostly rather large birds of perfectly 
black plumage, with the tail long and deeply forked. They exclusively 
inhabit India and Africa. The Malabar shrike (D. malabaricus), and the 
forked-tailed drongo, D. forficatus (pl. 102, fig. 15), are frequent species. 
The hooked-bil! shrike, Vauwga curvirostris (pl. 102, fig. 17), belongs 
here. 
Fam. 5. Lani, or Surixes. Bill rather long, very strong and 
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