MAMMALIA. 451 
The American cariboo is found abundantly in North America, its south- 
ern limit falling in the State of Maine. 
The European fallow deer, Cervus dama, is represented on pl. 107, fig. 3. 
Fams. 5 anp 6. CavicorntA, oR AnTILOPIDA AND Bovina. ‘These fami- 
lies are characterized by hollow horns, having always developed posterior 
toes and seldom canine teeth. The dentition is very similar to that of the 
preceding family. The members of this family are distributed over the 
whole surface of the globe, and some of them are the most excellent domestic 
animals. 
The genus Antilope is the most numerous in species of the whole group 
of ruminants. In the general form of their body the antelopes resemble the 
deer and elk; they are slender and swift, inhabiting rather the warm than 
the cold zone. They have been greatly subdivided into sections, subgenera, 
or genera, according to the various authors. 1. The horns may be annu- 
lated, with a double curvature directed forwards, inwards, or upwards, and 
then we have the type of the gazelle, A. dorcas (pl. 108, fig. 5), which 
inhabits North Africa, and lives in large herds, which form a circle when 
attacked, presenting their horns at all points. The soft expression of its 
eyes furnished numerous images to the Arabian poets. 2. Sometimes the 
horns are annulated, and curved three times, such as in the antelope of 
India and Nubia. 3. The horns may be annulated and curved only twice, 
but winding in an opposite direction to those of the preceding ones, the 
points directed backwards; the genus Damalis, of some writers. 4. The 
horns are small, straight, or but slightly curved, shorter than the head, and 
in the greater number found only on the male. The A. pygmeus belongs 
to this section. 5. The horns may be annulated with a simple curve, the 
point directed forwards, as in the section of Redunce; A. redunca, from 
Senegal (pl. 108, fig. 6). 6. The horns may be straight, or but slightly 
curved, and longer than the head, as in Oryx. 7. The horns may be annu- 
lated, with a simpie curve, the points directed backwards, as is the case in the 
blue and the equine antelope from Senegal. 8. The horns may be encircled 
with a spiral ridge, as in the elk of the Cape of Good Hope, which is as 
large as the largest horse, living in troops in the mountains north of the cape. 
The A. scripta or maculata (pl. 109, fig. 4) belongs to this section. 9. The 
horns may be bifurcate as in the genus Antilocapra, of all the forms of 
hollow horns the most singular. In the male the horns are forked, com- 
pressed, their extremities turned backwards; the female has no horns. 
The lachrymal holes are absent. The tail is very short. The best 
known species is A. americana, which inhabits the vast prairies of the 
middle and western parts of North America, where it roams in large herds. 
The tine of the horns is about the middle of the height. 10. There may 
be four horns as in the genus Tetracera, inhabiting the forests of Hin- 
dostan. 11. There may be two smooth horns in the male only, short and 
bent forwards, as in a species from India, A. picta. 
The fossil species of Antilope are far from being as numerous as in the 
actual fauna, and their number, although small, might be reduced by a more 
complete study of the remains, as some of them show a great resemblance 
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