472 ZOOLOGY 
very far north; is found again in Labrador, Newfoundland, and Canada; it 
is most common, however, in the New England States, and even occasion- 
ally in the hilly portions of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. ‘The Carolina 
grey squirrel, S. carolinensis (pl. 118, fig. 14), is most abundant in Florida, 
Georgia, and South Carolina; the other species live in different districts of 
the country. The common sass of Europe (S. vulgaris) is eae on 
pl. 107, ign. Te. 
Among the fossil remains of Sciuridz hitherto discovered in the tertiary 
deposits of Europe, species belonging to the genera Sciurus, Arctomys, and 
Spermophilus, were recognised. They resembled very eo the existing 
species. 
ORDEk 5.  INSECTIVORA. 
This is a small order, and composed also chiefly of small animals, the 
largest having but twice the bulk of the common rat. They all possess 
molar teeth studded with conical points; their principal food consists of 
insects. They lead a nocturnal or subterranean life, and in cold climates 
many of them pass the winter in a torpid state. Their feet are short and 
their motion feeble; in walking they all place the whole sole of the foot on 
the gound. 
Insectivora may be divided into three families: TYalpide, or moles; 
Soricide, or shrews; and Hrinaceide, or hedgehogs. The latter has no 
representatives in North America. 
_ Among the fossil remains of Insectivora hitherto known there is a frag- 
ment of a lower jaw from the fresh water strata of Wordwell, England, 
whose affinities with either one of the families constituting this order have 
not yet been ascertained. The genus Spalacodon has been proposed for it. 
Fam. 1. Tanripa. The body, rather thick and plump, is covered with 
hair throughout; the limbs are short, the anterior ones terminating by a 
rounded hand provided with five toes as well as the hind feet. The eyes 
are so minute as to escape notice, whence the assertion that moles are blind. 
The fact is that the eyes are in a very rudimentary or undeveloped condi- 
tion. The animals of this family are subterranean, and appear but very 
seldom on the surface. 
The genus Chrysochloris (or. golden mole) has, like the Mygale, two 
incisors above and four below. The molars are long, distinct, and almost 
all shaped in triangular prisms. \ The snout -is short, broad, and recurved. 
‘There are only three nails to the fore feet; the external one, very large, 
curved and pointed, serves as a powerful ne eunee for excavating and 
piercing the earth. 
The genus Zalpa (mole proper) has very feeble jaws, the food consisting 
of worms and insects. There are six incisors above and eight below. 
The canines have two roots, partaking of the nature of the false molar; 
the false molars themselves are four in number above and three below, 
backwards of which are three bristled or true molars. The common mole 
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