496 ZOOLOGY. 
disposition the howlers are melancholy and morose; their movements 
are tardy and inert; and, when on the ground, they never attempt to 
walk on the hinder limbs alone. They feed principally upon fruits and 
leaves. 
Fam. 5. SIMIp#@ (SIML# CATARRHINI), contains the monkeys of the Old 
World. They have oblique and very wide-set nostrils, and a human-like 
system of teeth. They are known as apes, monkeys, and baboons. They 
may be divided into two sections: The tailed monkeys, by far the more 
numerous, and the tailless monkeys. 
edwitts with those of the first section, we have the genus Cyno- 
cephalus (dog-headed monkeys), characterized by a long snout resembling 
that of a dog, and a short tail. hese animals are of a large stature and 
prodigious in force. They never assume voluntarily the erect attitude, and 
dwell among craggy rocks and precipices, which they climb with great 
agility. Their diet partly consists of bulbous roots, berries, and grain, and 
partly of eggs, insects, and scorpions. They are A onten and daring in 
their temper. They congregate in troops, and are bold and skilful in their 
predatory excursions, maintaining their ground even against large parties 
of men. The mandrill, C maimon (pl. 117, fig. 13), 1s the largest and 
most ferocious of all the baboons. Another species, C. sphinx (pl. 118, 
fig. 8), constitute the genus Papo of some naturalists. These monkeys 
are African. 
The genus Jnwus (the magots), or Barbary apes, is characterized by a 
slightly lengthened snout, the nose being hardly longer than half the length 
of the face, and not terminal; the tail is very short. One species (/. ecau- 
datus) may be seen on pl. 118, fig. 9. This is the only quadrumanous 
mammal which is at present a regular inhabitant of Europe, a large 
number occurring on the rocks of Gibraltar on both sides of the strait. 
When young it may be educated in some degree, but as it advances 
towards maturity it becomes morose, sullen, and mischievous in confine- 
ment. In its native haunts, hawerey it 1s represented as social, active, 
and courageous, and is anelealinty distinguished by its aie eea to its 
young. 
The genus Macacus differs but slightly from the preceding ones; the 
snout is lengthened as in baboons, generally more or less in the different 
genera into which they are subdmrded: The tail, however, is longer in 
this genus; it is pendent, and takes no part in theit motions. ‘There are 
distinct cheek-pouches and callosities. The species inhabit India. Exam- 
ples: the hare-lipped monkey, JZ cynomolgus (pl. 118, jig. 4), and the 
maned macaque, I. silenus (fig. 7). A fossil species of this genus 1s 
found in England. 
The genus Colobus is destitute of the thumb; in some species only a 
rudiment of it may be perceived. Several species of this genus exist in 
Africa; they are generally of small size, but nothing is known of their 
habits and distinguishing characters. 
The genus Cercopithecus (guenons) possesses cheek-pouches, callosities 
on the buttocks, well developed thumbs to their hands, and a long tail. 
700 
