MAMMALIA. 497 
They are further known by the annulated or ringed character of their fur, 
which gives them a speckled appearance. ‘They are slender in their struc- 
ture, and light and agile in their movements. Their character displays 
vivacity, impetuosity, and restlessness, with occasional caprice, and petu- 
lance. They never abandon the forests, and live chiefly upon wild fruits, 
and the seeds and buds of trees, with an occasional intermixture of insects 
and birds’ eggs. The true Cercopitheci are confined to Africa. The patras, 
C. rubra (pl. 118, fig. 5), is from Senegal; the holoway, @. diana (pl. 117, 
fig. 14), is from Guinea ; and C. griseus (pl. 118, jig. 6) from the north-west 
of Africa. 
The genus Presbytis (tailed gibbons) is destitute of cheek-pouches and 
possesses callosities. ‘The arms reach the knees; the tail is very long. The 
species inhabit India and Sumatra. 
The genus Semnopithecus differs from the long-tailed monkeys generally 
by an additional small tubercle on the last of the inferior molars; their long 
limbs and very long tail give them a peculiar appearance. They have, 
like gibbons, callosities on the buttocks. The animals included in this 
genus are commonly termed slow monkeys, from their gravity of habits, 
and the absence of the restlessness usually seen in the tribe. Several 
species of this genus inhabit India, Cochin-China, Borneo, and the Malay 
Archipelago. 
The second section of monkeys, those totally without a tail, are subdivided 
into the following genera. 
The genus Hylobates (gibbons) has the long arms of the true orangs, and 
the low forehead of the chimpanse, along with the callous buttocks of the 
guenons. All the species inhabit the most remote parts of India. Their 
hands and feet are adapted for climbing. They sweep from branch to branch 
with arrow-like velocity ; their mode is to suspend themselves by their long 
arms, and by an energetic muscular movement to launch themselves on- 
wards, aiming at distant branches, which they seize with the most wonderful 
precision; and often without any pause, and almost without any perceptible 
effort, they swing themselves forwards in a similar manner to another equally 
distant branch. The most remarkable known species in this respect is the 
agile gibbon, HZ. agilis (pl. 117, fig. 15). 
The genus Sima (orang-outang and chimpanse) is principally confined to 
the peninsula of Malacca and the great islands of the Indian Ocean One 
species, the chimpanse, Troglodytes niger or Simia troglodytes (pl. 118, fig. 10), 
inhabits Western Africa; and this is the one which presents the nearest 
approach to man of the entire group. The conformation of the lower ex- 
tremities enables it to walk erect with considerable firmness; and, in the same 
proportion, it is rendered unfit for climbing. All the accounts we possess 
represent this animal in its natural state as living on the ground rather than 
among trees. In many respects it exhibits a degree of intelligence which is 
manifested by no other monkey. The orang-outangs, Pithecus satyrus, (pl. 
118, jig. 11), of which several species are known, are natives of Borneo and 
Sumatra. They are evidently adapted for arboreal rather than terrestrial 
habits; that is, for living among trees rather than for residing on the ground. 
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