4 ANTHROPOLOGY. = > 
Our limits will permit us to give a very brief diagnosis only of even the 
principal of the above divisions, with an indication of their sea 
distribution. 
1. Moneorip#. The characteristics of the Mongolian family are to be 
found in a face broad and flat, from either the development of the zygomata 
or that of the parietal bones, often from the depression of the nasal bones. 
The frontal profile is retiring or depressed, rarely approaching the perpen- 
dicular. The maxillary profile is moderately projecting, rarely vertical. 
Kiyes often oblique. Skin rarely a true white, and as rarely a true black. 
The irides are generally dark. The hair is oat lank, and black, rarely 
light colored ; sometimes curly, rarely woolly. Found in Asia, Polynesia, 
and America. 
According to the above table, the Mongolidz are ailand into ‘Altaic, 
Dioscurian, Oceanic, Heenhidicad Peninsular, American, and Indian. 
A. The term Amare Mongolide is derived from the Altai Mountains in 
Gentral Asia, as being a convenient geographical point of reference for the 
nations and tribes comprised in this division. It contains as subdivisions, 
two principal stocks, the Seriform and Turanian. | 
- The Serzform seis is Mongol in its physical conformation, ad is distri- 
buted over China, Thibet, the Trans-Gangetic Peninsula as Sa as Malaya,. 
the Himalayan and parts of the Sub-Himalayan range of mountains. 
The principal divisions are: 1. The Chinese, found in China, and having 
for religion a modified Buddhism, or the religion of Fo. The Chinese, with 
the yellowish-brown complexion, broad face, scanty beard, lank, black hair, 
and small stature of the Mongolidz in general, have for their especial 
characteristic an opening of the eye very narrow, and drawn upwards at 
its outer angle, so as to render it very oblique. 2. The Thibetans, inhabit- 
ing Thibet, Butan, &c. Their religion is chiefly Buddhism, although 
Brahminism prevails on the frontier of India, and Shia Mahometanism in 
Little Thibet. 8. The Anamese, in Tonquin and Cochin-China. Their 
language is allied to the Chinese, although actually different. In physical 
appearance they resemble the Chinese, although of somewhat less size, and 
with the eyelids not so oblique. 4. The Siamese, from the Gulf of Siam to 
the frontiers of China. Their religion is Buddhism. 5. The Kambojians, 
inhabiting the lower course of the Mekhong River, between the Siamese 
and Anamese. 6. The Burmese, in the valley of the Irawaddi. 7. The Mon, 
inhabiting the delta of the Irawaddi, and speaking much the same language 
as.the Burmese. There are also numerous minor nations which appropri- 
ately belong to the Seriform Altaic Mongolide. 
The Turanian stock inhabits the northern parts of the Chinese Empire, 
the greater portion of Siberia, Mongolia, Tartary, eastern Turkestan, Asia 
Minor, Turkey, Hungary, Finland, Esthonia, and Lapland. Four principal 
divisions may be established, as follows: 1. The Mongolian branch, found 
from the Altai Mountains to the Wall of China, and from the Tungus 
boundary to Thibet. Their religion is chiefly Buddhism. It includes the 
Calmucks, and is characterized by presenting the typical features of the 
Mongolide, and by the pastoral and nomadic habits of its tribes. 2. The 
710 | 
