GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 5 
Tungus branch. This is found from the Sea of Okhotsk and Kamtschatka 
to the Yenisei, and from the coast of the Icy Sea to the Yellow Sea. 
Their position is thus more northern than that of the preceding, while their 
habits are more those of the hunter and fisherman than of the shepherd. 
3. The Turk branch, extending from Lake Baikal to the eastern boundary of 
the Greek and Slavonic countries of Europe, and from the northern frontier 
of Thibet and Persia to the country north of Tobolsk. They are also found 
isolated in regions exterior to the preceding limits. Their religion is mostly 
Sunnite Mahometan. 4. Zhe Ugrian branch. ‘This extends from Norway 
to the Yenisei, and from the North Cape to Simbirsk, Saratof, and Astrakhan. 
It is also found isolated in Hungary. Although essentially Mongolian, 
there is a frequent occurrence of blue eyes and red hair. Their religion 
varies in different sections of country, the Lutheran, Roman Catholic, 
Greek Catholic, and Shaman predominating. The principal nations in- 
cluded in this branch are the Voguls, Ostiaks, Finns, Finlanders, Esthoni- 
ans, Laplanders, and Magyars or native Hungarians. 
B. THe DioscuRIAN MONGOLID# derive their name from the ancient 
sea-port Dioscurias, where the chief commerce between the Greeks and 
Romans and the natives of the Caucasian range took place. It includes 
the nations inhabiting the range of Mount Caucasus, and by authors pre- 
vious to Latham presented as the type of the Caucasian race, and allied 
with the inhabitants of civilized Europe. But in the confessed absence of 
authentic and extended osteological and zoological information, this acute 
ethnologist, from philological grounds, has felt himself compelled thus to 
alter the generally received classification. ‘The principal divisions are:—1. 
The Georgians; 2. The Lesgians; 3. The Migeji; 4. The Irén; 5. The 
Circassians. 
OC. THE OcEANIC MONGOLID consist of tribes which, with the exception 
of those on the Peninsula of Malacca, inhabit islands exclusively. They 
may be divided into two stocks, Amphinesian and Kelzenonesian. 
The Amphinesian stock is sub-Mongolian in physical appearance, with a 
complexion of various shades of brown or olive, rarely black. The hair is 
black and straight, rarely woolly ; oftener (but not often) wavy and curling. 
Stature from five feet three to five feet ten. The language contains a 
certain proportion of Malay words. This stock is distributed over the 
Malayan Peninsula, the Indian Archipelago, Polynesia, and, perhaps, Mada- 
gascar. Its chief subdivisions are: 1. The Protonesians. Here the color 
is of different shades of brown and yellow. The face is flat; the nose 
short; eyes and hair black and straight; beard scanty; stature short; 
frontal profile retiring ; jaws projecting; orbits angular. They inhabit the 
Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, &c. It is here that we find 
the typical Malays, so well known both for their virtues and their vices. 
2. The Polynesians. This section includes inhabitants of islands from 
the Pelews to Easter Island, and from the Mariannes and Sandwich 
Islands to New Zealand. In stature they perhaps exceed the Protonesians, 
with a more common tendency to corpulence. The color often approaches 
to that of Europeans; the hair frequently waved or curling; the nose 
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