GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS. 7 
unctuous skin; the woolly hair; thick lips; projecting jaws; retreating 
forehead, and flattened nese. They inhabit the low lands and sea portions 
of Africa, with the delta and courses of the Senegal, Gambia, Niger, Upper 
Nile, and other rivers of the same continent. Geographically they may be 
divided into, 1. the Western ; 2. the Central; and 8. the HMastern. 
B. THe CAFFRE ATLANTID# are subdivided into, 1. The Western ; 2. The 
Southern ; and 3. The Eastern. Were the cranium is more vaulted than in the 
Negro, with the snout less projecting. The hair is tufted, as such approaching 
the Hottentot; the zygomatic development outwards rather than down- 
wards, so that the cheek bones become projecting, and the forehead and chin 
tapering. Lips generally thick, and nose less depressed than in the Negro. 
Color black, dark brown, or clear brown. Stature tall. They occupy 
western, central, and eastern Africa, from the north of the Equator to the 
south of the Tropic of Capricorn. 
C. THe Horrentor ATLANTID# are low of stature and slight of limb. 
In color they are more brown or yellow than black; cheek bones prominent; 
nose flattened; hair in tufts rather than equally distributed over the head. 
Hyes oblique; vision acute. Cranium Mongol-like, with wide orbits; chin 
long, forward, and thin. There are also striking features in the osteology 
and general anatomy of the Hottentot, to which we cannot here allude. 
They inhabit elevated table-lands and terraces, generally sterile and ill 
adapted to furnish vegetable food. The flesh of the larger mammals, with 
that of reptiles and insects, is an important article of diet. Their principal 
divisions are into Hottentots proper and Saabs, the former found on the Great 
Fish River and Orange River, the latter in the country between the Rogge- 
veld and the middle portion of Orange River. 
D. Ninoric ATLANTIDA. . This division includes the inhabitants of the 
water system of the Upper and Middle Nile. In external appearance they 
differ somewhat from the true Negro type, approaching to that of the Arab. 
They are divided into Gallas, Agows, Nubians, and Bisharis. 
K. THE AMAZIRGH ATLANTID# inhabit the north-western portion of 
Africa, together with a narrow strip along the Mediterranean, from about 
15° east longitude to the confines of Egypt. They are interesting as being 
the descendants of the ancient Geetulians, Numidians, Mauritanians, and 
Cyrenzans. In physical appearance they resemble sometimes the Negro, 
sometimes the Arab. Their chief divisions are: 1. The Siwans of the oasis 
of Siwah; 2. The Cabyles of Mount Atlas; 8. The Tuaricks of the Sahara ; 
and 4. The Guanches of the Canary Islands. The latter have now no distinct 
existence. 
F. THe EeypriAN ATLANTIDA. By these are to be understood the 
old Egyptians, the subjects of the Pharaohs and the Ptolemies, and the 
modern Copts, as far as they are of unmixed blood. They inhabited and 
still inhabit the valley and delta of the Nile, from Assouan to the Mediter- 
ranean. . - 
G.. Semitic ATLANTIDA. These are composed of light complexioned 
tribes, with sub-depressed skulls, straight and prominent noses, and vertical 
profile. They are referable to three principal types, the Arad, the Jew, and 
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