18 ANTHROPOLOGY. 
. Palate bones, ossa palati ( pl. 128, fig. 7, from without ; jig. 8, from within ; 
and jig. 9, from behind). These bones, two in number, are placed posterior 
to the maxillary, between them and the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid. 
For this reason, they are but slightly conspicuous in the entire skull. The 
palate plate of these bones forms the posterior continuation of the palate 
process of the superior maxillary in the bony palate (pl. 121, jig. 6”). 
_ The nasal plate, or ascending portion, constitutes the posterior external 
part of the nostril. The upper extremity is formed by two processes, one 
anterior, the other posterior ; and separated by either a round notch or by a 
foramen. The posterior of the two is known as the pterygoid apophysis. 
The orbitar portion is irregular in shape, and may be seen between the 
ethmoid and maxillary bones, in the back part of the orbit. The spheno- 
palatine foramen is the notch between the orbitar portion and the pterygoid 
apophysis, completed into a foramen by the application of the sphenoid bone. 
Through this passes the lateral nasal nerve, with the spheno-palatine artery 
and vei. ‘There are various grooves and canals in the palate bones, which, 
continuously with corresponding grooves in other bones, transmit vessels 
and nerves to the soft palate (pl. 123, jig. 7’, 9°). | 
The palate bones articulate each with its fellow, on the opposite side of 
the median plane of the face; also with the upper maxillary, the sphenoid, 
the ethmoid, the inferior spongy, and the vomer. 
The nasal bones, ossa nas? (pl. 121, fig. 1°; fig. 4"; fig. 5°; pl. 128, fig. 
10, a). These bones, two in number, are situated bétween the nasal pro- 
cesses of the superior maxillaries. They are oblong in shape, and are applied 
to each other so as to constitute a strong arch, called the bridge of the nose. 
They also articulate with the frontal bone above. 
The unguiform or lachrymal bones, ossa lachrymala, unques (pl. 121, fig. 
1’; pl, 128, fig. 11). This bone is placed at the internal side of the orbit, 
and constitutes the nasal duct for the tears, by its application to a process of 
the inferior turbinated bone. 
The inferior spongy bones, ossa conche inferiora (pl. 123, fig. 14). This 
bone is situated at the inferior lateral part of the nose, just below the open- 
ing into the maxillary sinus. The anterior extremity rests upon the ridge 
across the root of the nasal process of the upper maxillary. The posterior 
extremity rests similarly upon the ridge across the nasal plate of the palate 
-bone. 
The vomer or ploughshare, vomer (pl. 121, fig. 6°; pl. 128, fig. 18). This 
single bone constitutes the lower portion of the bony septum of the nostrils. 
The superior broader margin has a furrow for receiving the azygos process 
of the sphenoid bone. The posterior margin is rounded and smooth. ‘The 
inferior margin articulates with the spine or ridge of the superior maxillary 
and palate bones. 
The cheek or zygomatic bones, ossa malarum (pl. 121, fig. 1°; pl. 128, 
fig. 12). These bones are situated at the external part of the orbit, and 
constitute the middle external part of the face. Of the three surfaces, the 
one which enters into the orbit is known as the internal orbitar process. 
The front surface is convex and belongs to the bones of the face; the third 
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