MYOLOGY. 47 
riorly over their tendons, but of a finer and denser tissue, nearly to the 
circumference of the cornea, and beneath the conjunctiva. It is also pro- 
longed as a thick sheath round the trochleator tendon as far as its pulley, 
to which it is connected, and around the obliquus inferius to its origin. 
This fascia seems to connect and retain all these muscles and tendons in 
their proper relative situations both to each other and to the eyeball; it 
has, however, a still further and more interesting relation, for it is continued 
beneath the four recti, forming for each a perfect sheath and a non-adherent 
envelope for the posterior part of the eyeball. 
Pi. 129, fig. 6” *, aponeurotic tissue of the eyelids; *, continuation of the 
same between the recti muscles, constituting a sheath to each; ‘, investment 
of the sclerotica; °, optic nerve. 
Fig. 5 represents the axillary fascie. 
The brachial aponeurosis invests the arm down to the elbow, over 
which it is partially continued into the fascia of the arm; it is weak and 
imperfect over the deltoid muscle, but increases in strength and tension as 
it descends. Its fibres are mostly in the circular direction, but many are 
spiral and vertical; above it is continuous with the fascia covering the 
pectoral and deltoid muscles ; below the former it receives an addition from 
the fascia of the axilla (fig. 5). About the middle of the arm it adheres to 
the lateral ridges of the humerus by two septa named internal and external 
intermuscular ligaments. The brachial aponeurosis serves to confine the 
several muscles without restraining their actions, compressing them so as 
to preserve the form and symmetry of the limb; it also protects the vessels 
and nerves. 
Fig. 18, brachial fascia: *, portion covering the deltoid muscle; ’, por- 
tion on the arm; °*, portion on the forearm; *, semilunar fascia of the 
biceps brachialis; °, palmar fascia; °, palmaris brevis muscle. 
Fg. 19°, carpal ligament; *, dorsal fascia. 
Fg. 7, cross section of the right arm at about the lower third of the 
deltoid muscle, showing the intermuscular laminze of the brachial fascia. 
Fg. 8, cross section of the right forearm at about the middle, for the 
same purpose. 
The superficial abdominal fascia consists of a tolerably compact surface 
of cellular tissue and tendinous fibres, weak above but increasing in density 
as it descends from the thorax over the abdominal muscles. From the 
abdomen it extends on either side over Poupart’s ligament to the thigh, 
which it invests, and in the centre over the organs of generation. The 
superficial fascia supports and connects the fleshy and tendinous fasciculi 
of the abdominal muscles; it also possesses some power of resistance and a 
good deal of elasticity, which assists these muscles in the contraction of the 
parietes of the abdomen. In the lower part of the abdominal muscles is 
seen the abdominal ring (annulus abdominals) placed external and superior 
to the pubes on each side. It transmits, in the male, the spermatic cord and 
the cremaster muscle, with its vessels and nerves; and in the female, the 
round ligament of the uterus. Its external opening pierces through the 
superficial abdominal fascia. 
ICONOGRAPHIC ENCYCLOPZDIA.—YOL, II. 48 753 
