48 ANTHROPOLOGY. 
Pi. — fig. 11’, rectus abdominalis; *, superficial abdominal fascia 
reflexed ; + ixtondals and *, internal pation of the transverse jancia ; 5 pos- 
terior or nisi nindamitanl eee 
The crural ring (annulus cruralis) is the triangular opening through 
which the femoral vessels emerge from the abdominal cavity. This is of a 
triangular form; the base externally is the femoral vein, the apex internally 
is Gimbernaut’s ligament; it is bounded anteriorally by Poupart’s ligament, 
and by the superior fibres or corner of the falciform process of the fascia 
lata, and posteriorly by the pubes. 
Pl. 129, fig. 12’, suspensory ligament of the penis; *, crural ring; 
*, Gimbernaut’s ligament; *, lamina cribrosa; *, femoral vessels. 
Fig. 18’, sheath of the femoral vessels; *, falciform process of the fascia 
lata. | 
The iliac fascia arises from the inner border of the entire crest of the 
ilium, and from Poupart’s ligament external to the iliac artery. It is 
attached to the psoas and the iliacus muscles. 
The superficial perinzal fascia occurs beneath the integument, and ante- 
rior to as well as on each side of the anus; it covers the muscles in the 
perineum. The middle perineal fascia, also called triangular ligament of 
the urethra, or septum perinei, separates the anterior perineum from the 
pelvis. 
The pelvic fascia lines the cavity of the lesser or true pelvis. 
Pl. 129, Sg: 14’, fascia of the posterior face of the obliquus externus 
wishes S 2 , part connected with Poupart’s ligament; *, iliac fascia; 
*, Cowper’s ligament; °, femoral vessels. 
Fig. 15°, superficial perimeeal fascia. 
Fig. 16*, cut edge of the superficial perinzal fascia; °, deep-seated 
perineal fascia; °*, opening for the passage of ‘the vessels of the penis; 
*, section of the urethra. 
Fig. 17*, crural ring; °, Gimbernaut’s ligament; *, Cowper’s ligament; 
*, ihac fascia helping to form the crural ring; °, rectum; ° urinary bladder 
laid back; ’, superficial perineal fascia; *, opening for the perineal ves- 
sels; °°, obturator foramen; ™, anterior ligament of the bladder. | 
The fascia lata is united to the spine of the ilium, to the whole length 
of Poupart’s ligament, as also to the linea innominata and spine of the 
pubes; it may be divided into three portions: the internal or pubic or 
pectineal, the external or iliac, and the middle or cribriform. It extends 
downwards over the thigh. The fascia of the leg is derived partly from 
the fascia lata of the thigh; it also receives additional fibres from the ten- 
dons around the knee-joint. Near the ankle it increases in strength from 
its connexion with the malleoli and three annular ligaments. From the 
anterior annular ligament a thin fascia is continued over the back of the 
foot; that covering the sole of the foot, or plantar fascia, is remarkably 
strong. Anteriorly it divides into three parts lying on different planes, and 
serving to separate the plantar muscles into three orders, the internal, mid- 
dle, and external. 
Pl. 129, fig. 20, fascia of the leg: *, fascia covering the gluteus maxi- 
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