52 ANTHROPOLOGY. 
goid process of the palate bone; it fills the greater part of the pterygoid 
fossa, and is inserted into the inner side of the angle of the jaw. Its use is 
to draw forward and elevate the jaw, and to rotate it. 
Prerygoideus externus arises from the outer side of the external telat 
plate, from the crest on the root of the great wing of the sphenoid, and 
from tle back part of the tuberosity of the superior maxilla; it is inserted 
mto the anterior and internal part of the neck of the lower jaw, into the 
inter-articular cartilage, and into the inferior synovial membrane. Its use 
is to draw forward the jaw with the inter-articular cartilages : when both 
muscles act alternately, they become the principal agents in a the 
food. H 
| Pl. 127, fig. 1, superficial muscles of the head from the left side: *, epi- 
cranial aponeurosis; *°*, occipito-frontalis, anterior portion; *, posterior’ 
portion, the two connected by the epicranial aponeurosis; °, attollens aurem; 
*, retrahens aurem; ’, attrahens aurem; °, orbicularis palpebrarum ; °, com- 
pressor naris; *, levator labii superioris aleeque nasi; ”, levator labii supe- 
rioris; ™, zygomaticus minor; “, zygomaticus major; “, levator anguli 
oris; *, depressor. anguli oris; *, depressor labiu. inferioris; ”, levator 
menti; “, orbicularis oris; *, buccinator; *°, masseter. | 
Fig. 2, deep-seated. muscles of the head from. the left side: *, temporal 
muscle; *, corrugator supercilii; *, superior oblique muscle of the eye; *, 
levator palpebre ; °, compressor naris; °, depressor naris; ', orbicularis; °, 
levator anguli oris; °, depressor labii inferioris; *°, buccinator. 
Pl. 124, fig. 15’, epicranial aponeurosis; *, occipito-frontalis; *, com- 
pressor naris; *, levator labii superioris aleeque nasi; °, levator proprius 
labii superioris; °, orbicularis; ’, depressor anguli oris; °, depressor labii 
superioris; °, transversus menti (of rare occurrence); *°, attollens aurem ; 
", attrahens aurem; ™, orbicularis palpebrarum; “, zygomaticus major; 
*, Zygomaticus minor. 
fig. 16’, occipital portion of occipito-frontalis ; *, retrahens aurem. 
fig. 17", occipital portion of occipito-frontalis. 
Pl. 125, fig. 19*, temporalis; *, levator palpebre superioris; *, zygoma- 
ticus; *, orbicularis; *°, levator anguli oris; °; masseter. 
Fig. 20%, temporal muscle. 
Pl. 126, fig. 20’, orbicularis; ?, buccinator; *, levator menti. 
B. Muscles of the Neck. 
The neck is that contracted portion of the trunk between the head and 
chest, the cervical vertebra forming its skeleton or support. Its anatomy 
is very intricate, containing numerous muscles, nerves, and vessels, besides 
the pharynx, pees, ee and trachea. ‘The muscles on the back of 
the neck will be considered with those of the back of the trunk. We shall 
confine ourselves to those of the anterior and sides. 
The muscles of the anterior part of the neck are very numerous, and are 
concerned in the performance of various functions. Some act as muscles 
of locomotion, others are engaged in deglutition, in respiration, and in the 
exercise of voice and speech. They are symmetrical or similar on each 
758 
