68 ANTHROPOLOGY. 
pe ee ae 
It serves to extend the first fo of the thumb, and to eae it fie the 
fingers. It also assists in supination. 
Hxiensor primi internodii pollicis, or extensor minor, arises from the back. 
part of the ulna, below its middle, and from the interosseous ligament and, 
the radius; it : inserted into the posterior part of the first phalanx. It 
serves to extend the second joint of the thumb, and to assist the last men- 
tioned muscle. : : 
Extensor secundi internodit pollicis, or extensor major, arises from the posterior; 
surface of the ulna, above its centre, and from the interosseous membrane;; 
it is inserted into the posterior part of the second or last phalanx; it extends: 
the last phalanx of the thumb upon the first. 
| Haxtensor indicis, or indicator, arises from the middle of the pitecae 
es tace of the sila and interosseous membrane, and is inserted into the: 
second and third phalanges of the fore finger. It assists the common exten-. 
sor, or produces the extension of the fore finger alone, as in pointing. 
. MUSCLES OF THE HAND. ‘These consist eee tie of the short muscles. 
of ibe thumb and of the little finger, of the lumbricalis, and of the interos-: 
seous muscles, } “ 
The short muscles of the thumb are four in number, abductor pollicis, 
opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, and adductor pollicis, whose names, 
sufficiently indicate their use. 
The muscles of the little finger are three, abductor minima digiti, Heats 
brevis minima digitt, and adductor or opponens minum digit. 
The palmaris brevis is placed just below the skin, at the inner side of the. 
palm of the hand; it consists of separate fasciculi which arise from the 
anterior ligament of the wrist, and is inserted into the skin and fat at the 
inner margin of the hand. It is used in hollowing out the palm. 
The lumbricales are four in number, and arise from the radial sides of 
the tendons of the flexor profundus. They terminate in little flat tendons, 
which are inserted into the tendinous expansion of the extensor communis. 
on the back of the first phalanx of each finger; they serve to bend the first 
phalanges. ; 
The interosseous muscles, seven in number, fill up the interstices of the 
metacarpal bones; four bees to the palm, and three to the back of the 
hand. They arise from the base and sides of the metacarpal bones, and are 
inserted into the sides of the first phalanges, and into the tendinous mem- 
brane on the back part of the fingers. The palmar are the prior indicrs, the 
posterior indicis, the prior annularis, and the interosseus digitt auricularis. 
The dorsal are the prior medii, the posterior medi, and the posterior annu- 
laris. 
Pil. 124, fig. 15”, deltoides; “, pectoralis major; ”, biceps; ”, pronator 
teres; ”, fesaue cate digitorum; ™,supinator longus; *, flexor carpi radi- 
alis. Hig. 16°, deltoides; ‘, triceps; °*,extensor digiti minimi; °, extensor carpi 
ulnaris; ”,extensor communis digitorum; “, abductor pollicis longus; ™, ex- 
tensor pollicis brevis; “, extensor pollicis longus; “, external interosseous. 
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