72 ANTHROPOLOGY. 
leading from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera. Use: to adduct and 
flex the thigh and to rotate it inwards. 
Triceps adductor femoris consists of the three following portions, which 
pass in distinct laminz from the pelvis to the thigh: 
Adductor longus, flat and triangular, situated at the upper and internal 
part of the thigh, arising from the anterior surface of the pubes, and inserted 
into the middle aes of the linea aspera. 
Adductor brevis, arising from the anterior inferior surface of the pubes, 
and inserted into the superior third of the internal root .of the linea 
aspera. 
Adductor magnus, the largest and longest of the three, arising from the 
anterior surface of the descending ramus of the pubes, and from the ramus 
of the ischium, and inserted into the rough ridge leading from the great 
trochanter to the linea aspera. ‘The three adductors, in addition to adduct- 
ing the limb, can rotate it outwards. They also serve to support and 
steady the pelvis on the thigh; likewise to flex and exend the thigh on the 
pelvis. 
3, MUSCLES OF THE BACK PART oF THE THIGH. They are only three in 
number, and are commonly called hamstrings; the semi-tendinosus and 
semi-membranosus form the inner, the biceps the outer hamstring. 
Biceps flexor cruris consists of a long and a short head. The former arises 
from the outer and back part of the tuber ischii in common with the semi- 
tendinosus, and about the inferior third of the thigh it joins the short head 
which arises from the linea aspera. The tendon of the common muscle 
descends behind the knee, then turning forwards and outwards, is inserted 
into the head of the fibula. Use: to flex the knee joint, to extend the 
thigh, and rotate the limb outwards. It also assists in raising the body 
when bent in, and in maintaining the erect posture. 
§WSemi-tendinosus arises from the tuberosity of the ischium, and is inserted 
into the anterior angle of the tibia below its tubercle. ies to flex the 
knee, and rotate the leg inwards; also to extend the thigh, to support the 
pelvis, and prevent the trunk from bending forwards. 
Semi-membranosus, beneath the preceding, arises from the upper and outer 
part of the tuber ischii, and descending ends in a tendon, which passes 
behind the internal condyle and divides into three processes. The first is 
inserted into the external condyle of the femur; the second is inserted into 
the posterior part of the tibia and fibula, and is also continuous with the 
deep fascia of the leg ; the third is inserted into the head of the tibia. Use: 
to extend the thigh on the leg, to flex and rotate the knee, and to strengthen 
the back part of the joint. 7 
4, MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR AND EXTERNAL PART OF THE Lec. The 
muscles on the fore part of the leg are four in number, viz. the tibialis anti- 
cus, extensor pollicis, extensor communis digitorum, and peronzeus tertius. 
Those on the outer side of the leg are the peronzus longus and brevis. 
Tibialis anticus, on the outer side and next to the tibia, arises from the 
outer part of the superior two thirds of the tibia, from the head of the fibula, 
and from the interosseous ligament; it is inserted into the inner side of the 
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