88 ANTHROPOLOGY. 
which supply the cellular membrane and glands in the axilla, the pectoral 
muscles, the breast and integuments. 
The long thoracic artery arises below the lesser pectoral, = passing 
obliquely forwards, terminates in the intercostal muscles and: integu- 
ments. 
The subscapular artery arises opposite to and descends along the lower 
edge of the subscapular muscle, and soon divides into an anterior and a 
posterior branch; the former supplies the subscapular, serratus magnus, 
and latissimus dorsi; the latter goes to the infra-spinatus and teres minor. 
muscles. | 
The posterior circumflex artery arises below the last, and passes out of the 
axilla to the deltoid muscle. s 
The anterior circumflex artery is smaller than the preceding, and arises 
either from it or from the axillary. It sends branches to the deltoid, coraco- 
brachialis, and biceps; one long branch likewise goes to the synovial mem- 
brane of the shoulder joint. 
THE BRACHIAL ARTERY descends obliquely outwards to the bend of the 
elbow, where it divides into the radial and ulnar arteries. It lies on the 
inner side of the coraco-brachialis and biceps. It is accompanied by a 
vein on either side, also by the median nerve. In addition to several mus- 
cular branches, it = off the superior and inferior profunda and the 
anastomotica. 
The superior profunda arises below the teres major, and passes down- 
wards between the heads of the triceps and in the musculo-spiral groove of 
the humerus. It divides into two large branches; one descends in the 
triceps to the olecranon, the other accompanies the radial nerve to the outer 
condyle, and communicates with the radial recurrent artery. 
The inferior profunda arises opposite to the tendon of the coraco-brachi- 
alis, descends on the surface of the triceps, along with the ulnar nerve, to 
the inner condyle, and communicates with the ulnar recurrent. | 
Pl. 184, fig. 1, arteries of the axilla and arm: ', scalenus anticus muscle, 
behind which hes the axillary artery; *, the pectoral, and *, the acromial 
branch of the thoracico-acromialis; *, superior thoracic; *, long thoracic; 
*, dorsal branch of the subscapular ; °, subscapular; ” *, anterior circumflex; 
*, posterior circumflex ; ”, brachial artery; ", profunda; ”, accessory ulnar; 
** radial; “, recurrent branch of do.; ’*, ulnar; ", anterior; ™, posterior 
recurrent branch; *, interosseal artery. 
3. THE ULNAR ARTERY is larger than the radial, the other branch of the 
main trunk of the brachial. It descends along the ulnar side of the fore- 
arm to the palm of the hand, covered superiorly by the superficial flexors 
and pronators, and by the median nerve; inferiorly by the skin and fascia. 
It passes over the brachialis anticus, flexor profundus, pronator quadratus, 
the annular ligament of the carpus, and the flexor tendons in the palm of 
the hand. It is accompanied by two veins and by the ulnar nerve, the 
latter descending along its ulnar side. 
It gives off: 1, the anterior ulnar recurrent, which ascends in front of 
the inner condyle on the brachialis anticus, and inosculates with the 
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