96 ANTHROPOLOGY. 
In the descriptive anatomy of the veins, we divide the whole into the 
deep and the superficial; the former are called ‘‘ venz comites,” as they 
generally accompany the arteries. As the latter of course have much the 
same distribution as the arteries, the superficial veins will alone require 
especial attention. 
All the venous blood of the body empties into the heart through the two 
ven cave, excepting that of the heart itself, which is poured directly into 
the right auricle by the coronary or cardiac vein. We shall begin with the 
description of the branches of the superior vena cava, belonging to the head, 
neck, thorax, and superior extremities, although, owing to the great number 
of the veins and their incessant anastomoses, it will be impossible to classify 
them with the precision of which the arteries are generally capable. 
A. Veins of the Head and Neck. 
The veins of the head and neck are superficial and deep: the superficial 
veins of the head return the blood from the scalp; the deep veins are those 
of the brain and sinuses. 
It may on the whole be said that the superficial veins return the blood 
circulated by the external carotid artery, while the deep veins bring back 
that of the internal carotid. Starting at the heart, we find the superior 
vena cava subdivided into two large veins, the right and left venz inno- 
minate or brachio-cephalic veins. Hach of these is formed by the union 
of the subclavian and internal jugular of each side, the subclavian sub- 
dividing into the external jugular and axillary veins. The superficial veins 
of the head converge and unite so as to form two trunks, the facial and the 
temporal; the former empties into the internal jugular vein, the latter into 
the external. 
THE Factau VEIN lies obliquely along the sides of the face, extending 
from the inner margin of the orbit downwards and backwards to the anterior 
edge of the masseter muscle. Resting on the same plane with the facial 
artery, it maintains nearly the same relations., It commences at the side 
of the root of the nose by a vein formed by the conflux of branches from 
the forehead, eyebrow, and nose, and increases by receiving others at each 
step of its course. 
The frontal vein commences on the roof of the skull by branches which 
- pass obliquely downwards and forwards on the forehead, maintaining com- 
munication with the anterior branches of the temporal. By the successive 
union of different branches, a vein of some size is ultimately formed, which 
descends vertically, parallel with the corresponding vessel of the opposite 
side, with which it is connected by transverse branches. When descend- 
ing from the forehead, it receives branches from the eyebrow, the nose, and 
the upper eyelid. 
The supra-orbital vein runs transversely inwards in the direction of the 
eyebrow ; its radicles are connected externally with those of the external 
palpebral and superficial temporal; in its course it receives branches from 
the contiguous muscles and integuments, and at the inner angle of the orbit 
it inclines downwards to form the fronta] vein. The two by their junction 
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