‘ANGEIOLOGY. 97 
form the angular vein, which runs downwards and outwards by the inner 
margin of the orbit, resting against the side of the root of the nose. It 
receives the nasal veins from the side and ridge of the nose, and some small 
palpebral veins open into it from the opposite direction. When arrived on 
a level with the lower margin of the orbit, the angular vein terminates by 
becoming continuous with the facial vein. 
The facial vein, thus started, increases by recurving branches from the 
lower eyelid, and from the ala of the nose and from its outer side, the infe- | 
rior palpebral vein. Lower down it is joined by branches from the lip and 
cheeks, and uniting with a branch from the temporal vein, empties into the 
trunk of the internal jugular. Previously, however, it receives the ranine 
vein, from the tongue, the submental vein, and the palatine vein. 
THE TEMPORAL VEIN is a vessel of considerable size, extending from 
the zygoma to the angle of the jaw, while its branches spread out on the 
sides of the head. The principal of these branches are, the posterior tempo- 
ral, the middle temporal, and the anterior temporal. Sinking below the angle 
of the jaw, it divides into two branches, of which one joins the facial vein, 
and the other becomes continuous with the external jugular vein. Other 
branches opening into the temporal vein are, the parotid, the articular, the 
auricular, the transversalis facie’, and the auricularis posterior. A vein of 
considerable size, joining the temporal in the parotid gland, is: 
The internal maxillary. This receives branches from the temporal fossa, 
from the pterygoid muscles, from the surface of the upper jaw, and from 
the lower through the dental foramen. 
THE EXTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN commences on a level with the angle of 
the jaw by the union of two branches, one the communicating branch from 
the termination of the temporal vein, the other from the mastoid region. 
Descending vertically, it unites with the subclavian. The principal veins 
which open into it are, the anterior jugular from the fore part of the chin, 
and from the scapular region, the swpra-scapular and the posterior scapular. 
CEREBRAL VEINS. The venous system within the skull consists of veins 
properly so called, and sinuses or reservoirs. The former we shall not con- 
sider in this place. The sinuses of the cranial cavity may be divided into 
‘two sets, those placed in the prominent folds of the dura mater and those 
disposed at the base of the skull. The former all converge more or less to 
a common point, which corresponds to the internal occipital protuberance, 
and is called the torcular herophil. The sinuses are as follows: 1. The 
superior longitudinal sinus, extending from before, backwards in the upper 
part of the falx cerebri, and commencing at the crista galli. 2. The inferior 
longitudinal sinus. This very small sinus is placed in the inferior concave 
border of the falx, and opens into the straight sinus. 3. The straight sinus, 
a continuation in a measure of the last, runs backwards in the direction of 
the base of the falx cerebri. 4. The lateral sinuses. Their direction con- 
forms to that of the groove on the interior of the occipital bone, and passing 
from the protuberance to the foramen lacerum posterius, 5. The posterior 
‘occipital sinus, which conducts from the posterior margin of the foramen 
magnum to the torcular. | 
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