100 ANTHROPOLOGY. 
. the sterno-clavicular articulation, unites with the internal jugular, as pict! 
described, to form the vena innominata. 
_ Pl. 188, Sigs. 2 a, b, superficial reins of the arm on the inside; - fig. 9 a 
» axillary vein; *° nae vein; *, median vein passing into the ecuballl 
* basilic vein ; . it dorsal branch ; ’, anterior branch ; °, median vein passing 
into the basilic ; °, common trunk of the median vein. /%g. 8, plexus on the’ 
back of the hand and forearm: *, cephalic vein; °*, its origin at the thumb; 
*, basilic vein; *, its origin at the little finger. %g. 4, veins at the bend of 
the elbow, used in blood-letting: *, opening in the brachial aponeurosis, 
showing the course of the brachial artery and vein, with the relative position: 
of the median nerve; *, cephalic vein; *, a branch; *, median vein passing: 
into the cephalic; *, basilic vein; °, dorsal: branch; ‘, anterior branch ;- 
* ° stem of the median vein. . 
_ Pl. 186, fig. 1, stem of the intercostal veins of the left side;-**”, union 
of such veins; ”, hemiazygos vein; “, inferior cava. /%g. 2, azygos and’ 
hemiazygos (lesser azygos) veins: ’, superior vena cava; *, azygos vein;- 
*, upper intercostal vein of the left side; *°, venous trunks uniting to form: 
the hemiazygos; °, branches uniting to form the azygos; ’, inferior cava; 
*% % intercostal veins uniting partly with the azygos, partly with the supe- 
rior intercostals, and partly with the hemiazygos. /%g. 5, venous plexus 
on the anterior wall of the vertebral canal: *, two longitudinal trunks;;: 
*, transverse connecting branches; °*, branches passing through the inter- 
vertebral foramina, and communicating with the external plexus. fg. 6, 
plexus on the posterior wall of the vertebral canal: *, the two longitudinal 
trunks; *, the transverse connecting branches; *, intercostal veins uniting: 
with the inner plexus 
C. Veins of the Inferior Extremities. 
The veins of the lower extremities are superficial and deep. The general. 
course of these veins (commencing at the feet) is as follows: the superficial 
veins of the foot feed the external and internal saphena veins, which empty, 
the former into the poplitzeal vein, the latter into the femoral, which is itself 
only a continuation of the popliteal. The femoral, after it is joimed by the 
profunda and saphena veins, becomes the external iliac, which unites with 
the internal iliac, to form the common iliac. Finally the common iliacs of 
the two sides unite to form the inferior or ascending vena cava. 
THE EXTERNAL SAPHENA VEIN passes from the dorsum of the foot behind 
the external malleolus, and joins the poplitzeal. 
THE INTERNAL SAPHENA commences at the upper and inner part of the 
foot, and ascends in front of the inner ankle, along the inner side of the leg, 
and behind the internal condyle of the knee. Inclining to the internal and 
anterior part of the thigh, it ascends to within about two inches of Poupart’s 
ligament, passing through the saphenic opening of the fascia lata to join the 
femoral vein. It receives numerous branches throughout its course. 
The deep veins of the leg, accompanying the arteries, two with each, and. 
terminating in the following: 
PoPLir#AL VEIN. This lies posterior to the artery, and receives the 
806 
