126 ANTHROPOLOGY. 
of the forehead very thin, with a considerable breadth of the tympanic 
vertebra (53 inches). 
In a series of measurements of the heads of very intelligent: and highly 
gifted women, he never found so great a height of forehead as in eminent 
men. ‘The greatest size occurred in the authoress Mrs. Austin. 
Measurements of the middle and posterior regions of the head gave 
frequent occasion to recognise the relation between them and the sensibili- 
ties and will. With a middle region of only 5 inches or less, the skull always 
belonged to a low depraved nature. Two convicted thieves exhibited a 
height of 4 inches 10 lines and 5 inches 1 line, with a breadth of 5 inches 
2 lines. In the skulls of various savage tribes, as New Hollanders, Boto- 
cudas, Guaraguanas, Aleutians, Negroes, Baschkirs, &c., the height was 
only 4 inches 5-10 lines, and the breadth 4 inches 1-8 lines. On the other 
hand, in poets, artists, and savans, the height amounted to 5 inches 4—7 lines, — 
and the breadth to 5 inches 5-9 lines. With respect to the hind part of the 
head, its height was always characteristic of energy of action; whether this 
was spiritual or corporeal in its nature, depended upon the greater or less 
development of the region of the intellect. Thus a very muscular Arabian 
springer was distinguished by an enormous height of occipital vertebra 
(4 inches 57 lines); while in other more spiritually gifted persons of great 
power of will it amounted to 3 inches 7 lines to 5 inches, by 4 inches 
4—5 lines (in Ole Bull, 3 inches 11 lines; in Thorwaldsen, 4 inches 3 lines). 
Measurements of the middle head of females differed less from those of 
males than was seen in the case of the fore or hind part of the head; in 
general they indicated a more or less predominant sensibility. The com- 
parison of the heads of the eminent German actresses, Schroeder, mother 
and daughter, was highly remarkable in this respect. The former, sedate, 
measured, and stately in her performances, had a middle head measuring 
4 inches 10 lines in height, and 5 inches 1 line in breadth, with a hind head 
of 4 inches 4 lines in height; the latter, who was also a great singer of won- 
derful creative fancy, had a middle head of 5 inches in height and 53 inches 
in breadth, with a height of but 3 inches 11 lines for the hind head. A pair 
of female criminals, one a poisoner, the other a child murderer, exhibited a 
height of 4 inches 5-10 lines, with a common breadth of 5 inches 3 lines 
for the middle head. The height of the hind head in females was generally 
about 4 inches, never over 4 inches 4 lines, while in males it may amount 
to 4 inches 8 lines, thus corresponding to the greater weakness of the 
former sex. 
With respect to the import of varying height and breadth in the cranial 
vertebrae, Carus came to the conclusion, that a greater breadth im the 
anterior cerebral mass, and in the sincipital vertebra, was connected with 
a greater tendency to a philosophical intellect. In the middle portion of 
the head, too, variations in height and breadth appear decidedly to run 
parallel with a more or less subjective direction of mind. In the occipital . 
vertebra, if the height seems more to keep pace with the motive energies, 
the breadth is more in harmony with sexual characteristics. 
In illustration of the above developments, pl. 120, jig. 3, represents a 
832 : 
