SPLANCHNOLOGY. 193 
the hypogastric below ; and then, by drawing a vertical line on each side, 
from the extremity of the eighth or ninth rib to the centre of Poupart’s liga- 
ment, or a little external to it, we shall subdivide each of these regions into 
three parts: the three divisions of the epigastric region are the epigastrium, 
or scrobiculus cordis, in the centre, and the right and left hypochondriac 
regions, on either side. The epigastrium is immediately below the ensiform 
cartilage, and the hypochondriac regions are covered by the false ribs; the 
lateral portions of the wmbilical division are the lumbar regions ; the middle 
of the hy pogastric region is the hypogastrium ; and the lateral portions are 
the diac reguons. The lower part of the Livpédastviunt is called by some the 
pubic region, and the lower part of each iliac division is called imguinal 
region, or more properly spermatic (the term inguinal being commonly 
applied to the upper and anterior part of the thigh), and contains the iliac 
vessels, and in the male the spermatic cord, and in the female the round 
ligament of the uterus. These divisions are somewhat arbitrary, there 
being no natural or fixed boundaries to these several compartments. 
1. Tae Sromacu. ‘The stomach is the most dilated portion of the alimen- 
tary canal, its capacity, however, being very variable. It is placed between 
the cesophagus and the duodenum, continuous with both, and is held in its 
place in the abdomen by the omentum and cesophagus. When distended, 
the stomach exhibits a somewhat conical figure, the base to the left side, the 
apex to the right, the intermediate portions being somewhat curved. It 
then presents two extremities, the left and the right; two orifices, the car- 
diac and. pyloric; two surfaces, an anterior and a posterior ; and two edges, 
the lesser or concave, and the greater or convex. The left, or splenie 
extremity, is very large; the right, or pyloric, is much smaller, being cylin- 
| drical and convoluted like an intestine, and is distinguished from the duode- 
num by the circular contraction of the pylorus, to the left of which the 
stomach is often found dilated towards the convex border, into a little sinus 
called antrum pylori. The cardiac esophageal orifice is the highest point 
of the stomach, and is connected to the diaphragm by the peritoneum. The 
pyloric orifice is between the stomach and the duodenum. It lies to the 
right side of the spine, and is usually in contact with the liver and gall 
bladder. The anterior surface of the stomach is below the xiphoid carti- 
lage, looking upwards and forwards. The posterior swrface looks back- 
wards and downwards, forming the front of the bag of the omentum. The 
lesser, or concave edge, looks backwards and upwards towards the spine. 
The greater, or convex edge, looks forwards and downwards towards the 
colon. 
The stomach is composed of three proper tissues: a serous, a muscular, 
and a mucous. These are connected together by laminz of) cellular mem- 
‘brane. The serous or peritoneal coat is derived from the lamina of the 
lesser omentum, separating at the lesser curvature, and uniting along the 
convex edge to form the great omentum. It does not adhere throughout, 
but leaves spaces, allowing the distension of the stomach and the passage of 
blood-vessels. The muscular coat consists of three layers; the first, or super- 
ficial, is longitudinal, continued from the longitudinal fibres of the cesopha- 
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