Perca fluviatilis and flavescens, 220; 
percida:, ib 
Perch, the, 220; the climbing, an In- 
dian species, 225, 
Percival, Capt., description of the 
a fisheries of Ceylon by, 64, 
Percopsida, 213 ; percopsis, 212. 
Perdicine, 374; ‘perdix rubra and ci- 
nerea, ib. 
Peripatidae, 99. 
Peripatua, 99, 100. 
Peristomata, 89. 
Perla bicaudata, 167; 
167. 
Perna, 63. 
Pernis apivorus, 306. 
Perognathus, 461, 462. 
Peromeles, 261. 
Petalocera, 156. 
Petaurista, 415. 
Petaurus, 415. 
Petrels, the, 388. 
Petromys, 459. 
Petromyzon, 13; 
americanus, 207. 
Petromyzontide, 206. 
Pewee, the, or pewit, a species of fly- 
catcher, 345. 
i 361; pezoporus formosus, 
ib. 
Phacocherus, 442. 
Phenicopterine, 384 ; 
ruber, 384. 
Phenicura ruticilla and suecica, 337. 
aie ics zthereus, 389; phzetonine, 
i 
Phalzena, 179. 
Phalangers, the, 414; 
petaurus, 415, 
Phalangiide, 125. 
aa 414, 415; phalangistide, 
4. 
perlide, 166, 
P. fluviatilis and 
pheenicopterus 
the flying, or 
Phalangium, 125. 
Phalaropes, the, 382. 
Phalaropina, 382. 
Phalaropus hyperboreus 
soni, 382. 
Phaleris, 388. 
Phaneroglossa, 257. 
Pharyngognathi, 204, 217. 
Phascogale, 417; P. melas, penicillata, 
&c., ib. 
Phascolarctos cinereus, 414. 
Phascolomyide, 414; phascolomys 
wombat, &c., ib. 
Phascolotherium, 412, 419, 
Phasianide, 370; phasianine, 372 
phasianus colchicus, pictus, 
nycthemerus, ib. 
Phasmide, 164. 
Pheasants, the, 370-372, 374. 
Philhydria, 154. 
Philliroid, 77. 
Philodendre, 460. 
Philogeez, 460. 
Philomela luscinia, 335: 
date 
Philyra, 117. 
Phlceomys, 464. 
Phlogophora meticulosa, 181. 
Phoca, 15; P. vitulina, 480; P. lepto- 
nix, monocha, &c., 481 ; 
480. 
sis a communis, americana, &c¢., 
427 
and Wil- 
and 
Er: major 
phocide, 
Phocide., ability of the, to remain 
under water a long time, 66. 
Phocodon, 481. 
Pheenicopterus, 15. 
Pholadide, 59. 
Pioladomya, 59. 
Pholas, 59. 
Pholis, 230. 
Phonygamine, 350. 
Phryganeide, 168. 
Phrynaglossa, 257, 260. 
Phrynide, 126. 
Phrynosoma, 278. 
Phrynus, 126. 
Phthirius, 147. 
Phycis americanus, 219, © 
Phyllidiide, 80. 
Phyllidium, 10. 
Phylliroé, 77. 
Phyllium siccifolium, 164. 
INDEX TO ZOOLOGY. 
Phyllodactyla, 281. 
Phyllodoce, 99, 
Phyllomys, 460. 
Phyllophora, 107. 
Phyllopoda, 109. 
Phyllornis, 331. 
Phyllosoma, 114. 
Phyllostoma, 477. 
Phyllurus, 281. 
Physa, 90. 
Physalia physalis, 30. 
Physeter macrocephalus, 
&c., 423, 424 ; 
42k 
catodon, 
Physida, 90. 
Physograda, 30. 
Phytocoris, 189. 
Phytophaga, 160, 162. 
Phytotoma silens, &c., 359; phytoto- 
mine, ib. 
Pica, 15; P. caudata, hudsonica, &c., 
352. 
Picide, 363; picus, 15; P. villosus, 
pubescens, &c.. ib. 
Pigeons, the, 367-369; immense 
flights of wild pigeons, 368; the 
cape pigeon, a species of petrel, 
Pikas, the, 456. 
Pike, the, longevity of, 200. 
Pikes, the, 213. 
Pilotetish; the, curious propensity of, 
227. 
Pimeliide, 160. 
FnetOds, 199, 216; P. cyclopum, 
27. 
Pinna, 66, 67. 
Pinnipedia, 480. 
Pinnotheres ostreum, 117; pinnothe- 
rine, ib. 
Piophila casei and petasionis, 194. 
Pipa americana, 260. 
Pipe fish, the, 232. 
Piper, the, 222. 
Pipilo erythrophthalma, 357. 
ae caudata, melanocephala, &c., 
34 
Piprine, 347. 
Pisces, their chief characteristics and 
orders, 13; divided into cartila- 
ginous or chondropterygeous and os- 
seous, 13, 14; their structure and 
functions, 197-200; their prolific na- 
ture, 199, 200 ; their longevity, 200; 
their classification according to Ar- 
tedi, Linnzeus, Cuvier, Agassiz, and 
Miller, 200-205. 
Pisidium, 73. 
Pithecheir, 464. 
Pithecia, 495. 
Piihecus satyrus, 497. 
Pitta brachyura and cyanura, 341. 
Placentalia, 399, 400. 
Plachobranchide, &0. 
Placoids, 202. 
Placunide, 61. 
Plagiodontia, 459. 
Plagiostomes, 233. 
Plagiostomi, 205, 240. 
Plagusia, 220. 
Planaria cornuta and gracilis, 46; 
planariide, ib. 
Planaxis, 83. 
Planidze, 219. 
Planorbis, 90; P. cornuarietis, 
bicarinatus, 89. 
Plant lice, 186. 
Plantain eaters, the, 360. 
Plantcutters, the, 359. 
Plantigrada, 482. 
Planularia falcata, 27. 
Platalea leucorrhodia, 380. 
Platanista gangetica, 426. 
Plateosaurus, 285. 
Platessa flesus and limanda, 219. 
Platurus laticaudatus, 267. 
Platycercus viridis, 362. 
Platydactyla, 280. 
a ee muralis and guttatus, 
0. 
Platygonus, 437. 
Platyonyx, 409; P. cuvieri and minu- 
tus, 410. 
Platyphyllum concavum, 165. 
i timoriensis, lecontii, 
ri 
60; P. 
&e., 
P. bidens sowerbyi, | 
| Plectognathi, 14, 202, 204, 231. 
Plectrophanes nivalis, Jay ponicus, &c., 
| Pleiodon, 71. 
| Pleodontes, 276. 
Plesiosaurus, 14, 284. 
Plestiodon fasciatus, americanus, and 
aldrovandii, 273. 
Plethodon, 255 
Pleurobranchidi, 80 ; pleurobranchus, 
| ib. 
Pleurodeles, 256, 288. 
Pleurodontes, 277. 
| Pleuronectes, 14. 
Pleuronectidze, 218, 
| Pleurosaurus, 283. 
Pleurotoma, 86. 
Pliny the elder, his work on natural 
history, 2 
Ploceinee, 355; ploceus oryx and igni- 
color, ib. 
Plotinze, 390. 
Plotus anhinga, 390. 
| Plovers, the, 378. 
Plumatella, 54. 
Plumed birds, the habits and history 
of, entirely unknown, 326. 
Plumularia angulosa, 27. 
Plusia triplasia and gamma, 181. 
Plutelia, 179. 
Pneumonobranchia, 89. 
Poccilocera morbillosa, 165. 
Pochard, the, or red-headed duck, 
386. 
Pocillopora polymorpha, 36. 
Podagerine, 320. 
Podargine, 320; podargus cinereus, 
| 
219. 
ib. 
Podicepine, 387. 
Podiceps, 15; P. cristacus, cornutus, 
&c., 387. 
Podosomata, 120. 
Podura, 145. 
Poduride, 145. 
Pceecilocampa populi, 181. 
Poecilopoda, 12, 111. 
Pogonias chromis, 199: P. fasciatus, 
924 : P. sulcirostris, 363. 
Polecat, the, 485. 
Polia chi, 180. 
Polistes, 176. 
Pollack, the, 219. 
Pollicipes, 101. 
Polyborine, 305. 
Polyboroides, 309. 
Polyborus, 306; P. braziliensis, 305. 
Polydesmida, 131. 
| Volyergus, 175. + 
| Polygastrica, 9; doubts as to the cor- 
| rectness of Ehrenberg’s view of the 
| structure of, 19, 20. 
| Polymerosomata, 126. 
Polyodon, 238. 
Polyommatus, 183, 184. 
Polypi, 9; description of the habits of 
some of the polypes, 5 
Polypiaria infundibulati and hippocre- 
pia, 54. 
Polyplectron chinguis, 372. 
Polypterus, 234, 235. 
ai ihe,” (of 
92, 
the ancients, 
general structure 
conspicuous 
classifica- 
Polythalamia, 753 
and abundance of, 76; 
| ina fossil condition, ib. ; 
| __ tion of, 75, 77. 
| Polyxenidee, 131. 
| Polyzonide, 131. 
| Pomatobranchia, 81. 
Pomotis, 221. 
‘Pomatis 2 ire 
| Pontia cardamines, 184. 
Porcellanine, 115. 
Porcellio, 113. 
Poreupines, the, 460. 
| Porcus, 442. 
Porgee, the, 224. 
Porifera, the, a name applied by Grant 
to the sponges, 16. 
| Porites porites, 36. 
Poritide, 36. 
Porphyrio hyacinthinus, 383. 
Porpita, 30. 
Porpoises, the, 427. 
Portuguese man of war, the, 30. 
Portunine, 118. 
949 
