MINERALOGY. oo 
other metals. The richest localities are in Northern Europe. The only 
one known in the United States is in Connecticut. Bismuth is used 
principally in the formation of such alloys as require to become liquified at 
rather low temperatures. 
7. Native Antimony. 
This rarely occurs native; when found it is of a tin-white color, rather 
brittle, and when crystallized, forms obtuse rhombohedrons ( figs. 25, 31, 38). 
Specific gravity 6.5—6.8. It is not ductile, but flies to pieces under the 
hammer ; is readily fused, and burns before the blowpipe with the evolu- 
tion of a dense smoke of oxyde, deposited in crystals in the vicinity of the 
burning mass. It occurs in veins and lamellar concretions in crystalline 
rocks, associated with arsenic, silver, galena, &c., in the Hartz, Bohemia, 
Sweden, and in Dauphiny. The uses of antimony are various: it is 
employed in the arts in the composition of various alloys; thus antimony 
and lead constitute type-metal. Its pharmaceutical applications are 
numerous; thus the sulphuret is a very powerful medicine, known as 
kermes, and the oxyde of antimony is much used in various com- 
binations. 
8. Native Arsenic. 
This metal is frequently found native. It occurs in acute rhombohedrons 
when crystallized ( pl. 33, fig. 25), or in amorphous masses, or in small 
concave scales set one within the other. It tarnishes readily in the air, 
becoming nearly black, and losing its original tin-white color and metallic 
lustre. In its native state it is frequently called cobalt by the miners, on 
account of its deceiving them in their expectation of finding a lump of metal 
after roasting the ore containing it; the process actually converting the 
metal into arsenious acid, which passes off in vapor. The presence of this 
vapor may readily be known by its strong smell like garlic. This vapor is 
highly poisonous. The substance known in commerce as arsenic is not the 
metal, but an acid combination with oxygen forming arsenious acid. It is 
produced by roasting the arseniurets of cobalt, iron, or nickel, and collecting 
the vapors in long chimneys or iron receivers. It occurs first as a hard, 
clear glass, which subsequently becomes an enamel white. Although exceed- 
ingly poisonous, it is an indispensable agent in the arts, especially in those of 
coloring and glass-making. It is an invaluable agent in the preservation of 
objects of natural history, being applied, mixed with water, alcohol, or 
whiskey, to those surfaces which it is desired to preserve from putrefaction, 
or the attacks of various insects. It is also used in poisoning vermin: fly- 
powder is a preparation of arsenious acid. Sulphurets of arsenic occur both 
native and manufactured: one of them is the golden-yellow orpiment; the 
other, realgar, of a fiery red. The oxygen combinations of arsenic are all 
acids, and, with the sulphurets, are of great importance as medicinal agents 
Class 3. Tellurids—Hausmann. 
The minerals of this class are combinations of electro-positive metals 
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