GEOGNOSY AND GEOLOGY. 193 
long, and is preserved in the Museum of the London Royal College of 
Surgeons: Mylodon robustus (fig. 21). The other two species are M. 
darwini, from Brazil, and M. missouriense, from various parts of North 
America. 
The diluvial Felide or cats, judging from their remains, must have been 
of terrific rapacity. The entire framework of many of these animals 
indicates a power entirely sufficient to compete with the gigantic forms by 
which they were surrounded. In strength of frame, if not in actual size, 
some of these exceeded the largest lions and tigers of the present day. 
Smilodon populator, from Brazil, is an extraordinary form, more nearly 
allied to the hyenas, however, than to the true cats (pl. 40, fig. 17). A 
scull of Hyena spelea is shown in pil. 41, fig. 83, and of Ursus speleus in 
jig. 34. Fig. 28 represents a skeleton of the gigantic fossil Irish elk, 
Megaceres hibernicus. We may remark that the majority of remains from 
the European bone caves belonged to deer, bears, hyenas, &c. 
The existence of fossil Quadrumana in the European tertiary, although 
at one time doubted, is now beyond any question. PJ. 40, fig. 22, 
represents the lower jaw of Pithecus antiquus, a species found both in 
Southern France and in England. 
Pils. 39 and 41 contain representations of two animals prominent among 
the fossil Mammalia of North America. PJ. 41, fig. 30, represents a large 
specimen of Mastodon giganteus from Missouri, as mounted by Koch, and 
by him called Missourium theristocaulodon (or tetracaulodon). Yn mounting 
the skeleton the discoverer erroneously made the tusks turn too much 
outward. Their true position is asin the elephant of the present day. The 
original specimen was purchased by the British Museum, and reconstructed 
by Professor Owen. 
Pl. 39, fig. 51, represents a skeleton of a fossil cetacean from the rotten 
limestone of Alabama, as incorrectly restored by its discoverer, Koch. It 
is the same as was exhibited in the United States and Europe as Hydrarchos 
harlani, or sillimanni, and erroneously supposed to be an Enaliosaurian of 
gigantic size, allied to Ichthyosaurus and Plesiosaurus. It is now well 
known to be one of the cetacean Mammalia, and bears the name of 
Basilosaurus, given to it by the first describer, Harlan. It has also received 
the names of Zeuglodon, Phocodon, Dorudon, and Squalodon. Several 
species are now known from the American tertiary, and similar remains 
occur in the eocene of France, south of Bordeaux. It must not be 
understood that the skeleton we represent was found in its present 
connexion, or even belonged to the same individual ; it is such a restoration 
from different individuals as we are entitled to make when the proper 
caution has been observed. We have already referred, however, to the 
inaccuracy of our figure. 
Figs. 58 and 59 represent fragments of the head; fig. 66 is an ideal 
restoration of the entire head; the other figures represent different portions, 
as ribs, vertebra, phalanges, portions of the head, &c. The highly 
characteristic teeth are shown in figs. 60 and 61. 
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