li INDEX TO CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND GEOLOGY. 
Berzelius lamp, construction of the, 17; Ber- 
zelius’s list of the elements, with their equiva- 
lents and symbols, 20. 
Birds, tracks of, in the new red sandstone in Con- 
necticut, 165 ; at Hildburghausen, 166. 
Bismuth, native, "character and localities of, 58. 
Bituminous anale, 110. 
Black lead, 56. 
Blowpipe, the, 5; the oxy-hydrogen, 23 ; 
of the, in testing mineral bodies, 44. 
Boracite, 79 ; borax, 81; use of borax, 85. 
Bottom series, principal characters of the rocks 
of the, 139; stratification, principal species, 
order of succession, and subordinate masses 
of, 140; ore beds and veins prevalent in, 141 ; 
extent and forms of, ib.; soils resulting from 
the weathering of the, 142; principal locali- 
ties of, ib. 
Boulders, 189. : 
Brachiopoda, the development of, in the transi- 
tion-slate, 150. 
Braunite, 70. 
Breccia marble, 102. 
Bronn and Hausmann’s arrangement of the ter- 
tiary masses, 184. 
Buch, Leopold von, his distinction between vol- 
canic centres and volcanic lines, 217. 
Buckland, the diluvium of, 188. 
use 
Caleaire grossier, principal roek species of the, 
184; subordinate masses, 185 ; highly de- 
veloped in the Paris basin, ib.; in Provence, 
186. 
Caleareous spar, 78; rocks, 101; tufa, 103 ; 
sandstone, 107 ; conglomerate, 109; soil, 112. 
Cambrian system, characters of the, 146. 
Caradoc formation, the, 146. 
Carbon, 55. 
Carbonates of lime, iron, 
13: 
Carbonie acid gas, method of condensing, 10 ; 
experiments on, by Thilorier and Faraday, 11 ; 
development of, in the generating apparatus, 
24. 
Carboniferous group, characters and sub-divisions 
of, 153 ; fossils of the carboniferous period, 155. 
Cardiacee, the, abundant in the transition-slate, 
150. 
Caverns, bone deposits in, 189 ; various theories 
as to, ib. ; localities of the most celebrated, 
190. 
Cephalopoda, high organization of the, in the tran- 
sition-slate, 151; principal, in the mountain lime- 
stone, 156; many points of interest in the, of 
the cretaceous, 182. 
Chabazite, 76. 
Chaleedony, a variety of silica, 69 ; economical 
use of, 83 ; sandstone, 107. 
Chalk, 84; and chalk rock, 103 ; chalk marl a 
subdivision of greensand, 176 ; the white chalk 
group, 177. 
Chemistry, as a science, almost utterly unknown 
to the ancients, 1 ; its study greatly facilitated by 
the observations of the alchemists, 2 ; the first 
system of, ib. ; province of, ib. ; » laws of, re- 
specting the combination of elements, 18; 
chemical synthesis and analysis, 24 ; chemical 
affinity, ib.; chemical examination ‘of organ- 
ized bodies, 26. 
Uhlorine, 14, 
Chlorite, 92 ; present in the transition-slate for- 
mation, 144, 
662 
strontia, and lead, 77— 
‘Chondrotite, 72. 
Chrysolite, 72. 
Cinnabar, 67. 
Clay slate, 93 ; stratification of, in the transition- 
slate, 144. 
Clays, the, 110; porcelain, pipe, and potter's. 
111; clayey earth, 111 ; different varieties of, 
in the upper tertiary, 186. 
Cleavage of rocks, characteristics of the, 119; 
distinction between, and stratification, 120 ; 
rounded and angular forms of, ib. 
Climatic features inferrible from the localities of 
fossil remains, 136. 
Clinkstone, 96, 207. 
Coal formation proper, the, a sub-division of the 
carboniferous group, 154 ; characters, compo- 
sition, and extensive distribution of the stone 
coal group, ib.; principal localities of, 154, 
155; vegetable remains most conspicuous in 
the coal strata, 155; various hypotheses as to 
the origin of coal beds, 157. 
Cobalt, native arsenic sometimes so called, 59 ; 
white, 61; glance, 62. 
Combinations, chemical, 18; take place under 
very various circumstances, 19. 
Congeneration theories of veins, now exploded, 
133. 
Conglomerates, various, 107. 
Conglutinates, nature of, 106; description of 
several, 107. 
Congregates, nature of the, and enumeration of 
various, 110. 
Copper, use of the oxyde of, in chemical analysis, 
29; principal forms and localities of native, 
58 ; sulphuret of copper and copper pyrites, 65 ; 
grey copper ore, 66 ; red copper ore, 71. 
Copper-slate formation, 157 ; divisible into two 
groups, 158 ; geological characters of the, 159 ; 
fossils of the, 160; ideal section of the, 161. 
Copperas, 80. 
Coral polyps, the, abundant in the Jura, 170; 
coral reefs, 194. 
Cornstone, nature of, in the Devonian system, 147. 
Corundum, the, an oxide of aluminium, 71. 
Crania, the, found in the cretaceous formation, 
Lei. 
Craters, varying dimensions of the, of volcanoes, 
210. 
Cretaceous system, the, petrographical character - 
and diverse features of, 176; distribution of 
the fossils in, ib.; the cretaceous formation 
most completely developed in England, 177 ; 
division of the strata in France, 178 ; diversi- 
fied stratification of the individual members of, 
ib. ; distribution and fossils of, 179. 
Crucible, the, 4 
Crustacea, remarkable form of the, in the oldest 
fossiliferous strata, 152. 
Crystalline forms, mathematical method of de- 
termining, 46. 
Crystallization, different nomenclature and cha- 
racteristics of the six systems of, 47 et seq. 
Crystallography, 47; Hauy the founder of the 
science, 52. 
Crystals, what bodies are called, 46; different 
forms of, enumerated, 47-51; internal strue- 
ture of, 52 ; measurement of the angles of, ib. ; 
rock, 69. 
Cube, relation of the, to the octahedron, 48. 
Cyeadites, the, of the Jura formation, 170. 
Dana’s monometrie system, 47; dimetric and 
