iv 
Giessen, description of the laboratory at, 40. 
Glacier walls, 196. 
Glance, meaning of the term, 65. 
Glass, composition of, 83. 
Glauber salts, 85. 
Gneiss, 94; generally the lowest in the bottom 
series, 140. 
Gold, method of assaying, 25; properties of 
native, 57. 
Goniometer, the common, 53; Wollaston’s re- 
flecting, ib. ; Gambay’s, 54. 
Granite, composition of, 89,95; granite conglo- 
merate, 108 ; general characters of, its richness 
in veins, and peculiarities of weathering, 202 ; 
occurs in many different periods of normal 
deposits, 203 ; magnetic polarity, plutonic ori- 
gin, and extensive distribution of, ib. 
Graphite, characteristics of, 56. 
Grauwacke, 108; three varieties of, 109 ; occur- 
rence of, in the transition-slate formation, 144. 
Gravels, the, 112; gravel beds, 195. 
Greensand, a group of the cretaceous system, 176. 
Greenstone porphyry, 99. 
Gypsum, 79 ; rocks, 105; action of water on, 
160. 
Harmotome, 76. 
HLartz mountains, inversion of strata in, 127; 
order of succession of the strata in, 148. 
Hausmann’s nomenclature for systems of crystal 
lization, 47 et seq.; classification of minerals, 
54; petrographical system, 90-113 ; three 
orders of normal deposits—bottom, middle, 
and top series, 139; characterization of the 
Silurian and Devonian systems, 145 ; Bronn’s 
arrangement of the tertiary masses, 184; divi- 
sions of alluvium, 194 ; division of the abnor- 
‘malrock masses into three orders, 201 ; theory 
of volcanoes, 217. 
ILausmannite, 70. 
Hauy, the founder of the science of crystallo- 
graphy, 52. 
Heat, latent, explanation of, 7; means of re- 
moving, 10. 
Hematite ore, 68. 
Hemihedral forms, nature of, 48. 
Hemming’s safety tube, 23. 
Herder’s classification of the principal theories 
of veins, 133. 
Heteronomie rocks, method of formation of, 
106 ; survey of, ib. et seq. 
Heulandite, 76. 
Hexagonal system, peculiarities of the, 51. 
Hippurites, characters of the, 181. 
Holohedral forms, nature of, 48. 
Horn slate, 94. 
Hornblende, 73 ; two kinds of, 101 ; occurrence 
of, flag and schist in the bottom series, 140. 
Hornfels, relation of, to granite, 203. 
Hlornstone, 91. 
Hot springs, 216. 
Humboldt, his deseription of the elevation of 
Jorullo by voleanic forces, 215. 
Humboldtite, 73. 
Humose soils, 112. 
Humus, variable proportion of, in soil, 196. 
Hybodontes, the, peculiar to the muschelkalk, 
165. 
Hydrarehos harlani or sillimanni, the, 193. 
Hydrochloric acid, 14. 
Hydrogen gas, 1eadiest method of obtaining, 13 ; 
combination of, with oxygen, 2]. 
664 
INDEX TO CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND GEOLOGY. 
Hydrostatic press, for pharmaceutical extracts, 
Si) 
Hypersthene, 100. 
Icebergs, origin of, 200. 
Ichthyosaurus, description of the, 174.* 
Idocrase, 74. 
Infusoria, the, play an important part in the cre- 
taceous system, 179 ; immense beds of, in the 
tertiary, 190. 
Tolite, 75. 
Iron, method of obtaining: metallic, 16 ; native, 
characters of, 56, 69 ; iron pyrites, 65; oxyde 
of, 67 ; carbonate of, or spathie iron, 78; and 
iron-clay sandstones, 107 ; conglomerate, ib. ; 
iron-clay conglomerate, 108; iron-clay, 110; 
iron and iron-clay soils, 112. 
Isonomic rocks, general survey of, 90. 
Jasper, 91. 
Jewel sand, 112. 
Jorullo, in Mexico, description of the elevation 
of, by a voleanie eruption, 215. 
Jura formation, the, 166 ; the Jura limestone, ib. ; 
the lower oolite of, 167; in France, 168 ; in 
Switzerland, 169 ; in Germany, ib. ; the Fran- 
conian, ib. ; fossils of the, 170. 
Kaolin, 77. 
Karstenite, 79, 85 ; its relation to gypsum, 160. 
Keuper, resemblance of the, to the variegated 
sandstones, 164; principal features of the, ib. ; 
distribution of, 165. 
Kimmeridge clay, 167. 
Kirkdale, cave of, bone deposits in, 189. 
Koch, his restorations of various fossils, 193. 
Kyanite, 73. 
Laboratory, description of the, at Giessen, 40. 
Labradorite, 77. 
Labyrinthodonts, fossil, of the rock salt forma- 
tion, 165. 
Lamp, the oxy-ethereal, 5; construction of the 
Berzelius, 17. 
Land, the, occupies only one fourth of the earth’s 
surface, 114. 
Laplace’s view of the primary condition of the 
earth, 218. 
Lateral secretion of veins, theories of the, unte- 
nable, 133. 
Lava, definition of, 211 ; different characters of, 
ib.; currents of, ib. ; glassy, stony, and erystal- 
line, 212; three classes of lava streams, ib. 
Lead, selenid of, 63 ; sulphuret of, or galena, ib. ; 
method of obtaining lead from its sulphuret, 64 ; 
carbonate of, 79 ; yellow and green lead ore, 
80. 
Lepidoides, representatives of the, in the Jura, 
174. 
Leucite, 76. 
Leucitophyre, 97; conglomerate, 110; leuei- 
tophyr lava, 213 
Libellulide, the, found /r the strata of Solnhofen, 
Wier 
Lime, carbonate of, 77; sulphate of, 79; uses 
of the sulphate and carbonate, 84, 85; lime 
marl and fetid lime, 104; ferruginous brown, 
105. 
Limestone, occurrence of, in the transition-slate 
formation, 144 ; encrinital, 156 ; the old Floetz, 
158; predominates in the muschelkalk, 162; 
the Jura, 166 ; newest marine, 194. 
