INDEX TO CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND GEOLOGY. v 
Limestone formation, coarse. See Caleaire Gros- 
sier. 
Limestones, 101; silicious, 103; fetid, 104 ; 
magnesian and fetid magnesian, 105 ; charac- 
ters of the, in the upper tertiary, 187. 
Liquids, apparatus for converting, into gaseous 
forms, 6 ; boiling of, 7; apparatus for obtaining 
the liquid elements, 15—and for combining 
liquid and gaseous elements, 21—and liquid 
and solid elements, 23. 
Lithographic stone, 84. 
Lithology, province of, 88. 
Llandeilo formation, the, 146. 
Loam and loamy soil, 111. 
Lodes, definition of the term, 130. 
Less, nature of, 186. 
London tertiary, order of the strata in the, 186; 
metalliferous sands of the, 187. 
Lower chalk, peculiar development of the, in 
Saxony, 179 ; lower group of the upper ter- 
tiary, 187. 
Lycopodiacee, large stems of, in the coal strata, 
156. 
Lyell, Mr., his classification of the tertiary form- 
ation, 190. 
Magnesian limestone rocks, 105. 
Mammalia, first traces of, found in the Stonesfield 
slate, 175; of the tertiary, 191; of North 
America, 193. 
Manganite, 70. : 
Marble, a carbonate of lime, 84; nature, use, 
composition, and varieties of, 102 ; occurrence 
of, in the bottom series, 141. 
Marl, 103; lime and fetid, 104; magnesian, 
105 ; sandstone, 107 ; clay, 110. 
Marl formation of the upper tertiary, characters 
of the, 187; exampie of the, near Mayence, 
ib.; at the foot of the Alps, 188. 
Mastodon, the, 192; giganteus, 193. 
Matrix, composition of the, 130. 
Matter, three conditions of aggregation of, 3 ; 
elementary condition of, 11; only two simple 
substances liquid at ordinary temperatures, 15, 
23; distinction between organic and _ inor- 
ganic, 26; method of analysing dry organic, 
29—and liquid and volatile organic, 31. 
Mayence, the region of, illustrative of local 
variation in the marl group, 187. 
Mechanical separation, process of, 34. 
Megalurus, characters of the, 174. 
Megatherium, the, 192. 
Melting apparatus, 4. 
Mercury, the method of separating, from its 
amalgam, 6—and from its combination with 
sulphur as cinnabar, 15; may be combined 
directly with gaseous oxygen, 21; native, 
mineralogical character and localities of, 58; 
selenid of, 63. 
Mesotype, 76. 
Metalloids, nature of, and description of several, 
54. 
Metals, native, definition of the term, and de- 
scription of several, 56; all, mixtures of va- 
rious metallie substances, 82. 
Mica, 74, 92; composition of the micaceous 
rocks, ib. 
Middle series, principal characteristics of the 
rocks of the, 142; position of, 143 ; divided 
into primary, secondary, and tertiary, ib. 
Millstone grit, the, a subdivision of the carboni- 
ferous group, 153. 
Mineralogy, the province of, 43; intimate con- 
nexion between, and chemistry and geology, 
ib. ; special, 54; relation between, and geog- 
nosy, 88. 
Minerals, the chemical analysis of, 44 ; method 
of ascertaining the specific gravity of, ib. ; 
process of testing the electricity and magnetism 
of, 45 ; internal peculiarities of, ib. ; determi- 
nation of the hardness of, 46; external shape 
of, ib.; division of, into ten classes, according 
to Hausmann, 56; economical uses of the, 
81; list of, which hold a prominent position 
with respect to geognosy, 88. 
Miocene, the, 190. 
Missourium theristocaulodon, the, of Koch, 193. 
Mohs’ method of determining the hardness of 
minerals, and the scale of hardness introduced 
by him, 46 ; nomenclature for the systems of 
crystallization, 47 et seq. 
Molasse, the, or upper tertiary. 
Tertiary. 
Mollusea, frequent occurrence of, in the transition- 
slate, 149; the acephalous, divided into the 
Monomyaria and the Dimyaria, 150 ; princi- 
pal, in the mountain Jimestone, 156. 
Molybdenite, or sulphuret of molybdena, 66. 
Monoclinic system, the, 50; primary and deriva- 
tive forms of, 51. 
Monometrie system, character of the, 47; the 
most general forms of the, ib. 
Monomyaria, the, but slightly developed in the 
transition-slate, 150. 
Mont Blane chain, character of the rock sur- 
face of the, 124. 
Monte-Nuovo, deseription of the formation of, 
by a voleanic eruption, 214. 
Moraines, 196. 
Mountain limestone group, the, a subdivision of 
the carboniferous, 153 ; principal mollusea and 
cephalopoda of, 156. 
Mountains, method of measuring the heights of, 
114; relations of the parts and varying exter- 
nal features of, 115; combinations of, into 
mountainous regions and ranges, 116; moun- 
tain crests and connexion of mountain systems, 
117; consideration of the interior of, 119; 
relation of stratification to mountain masses, 
122. 
Murchison, R. I., his investigations of the Silu- 
rian and Devonian systems, 146, 147. 
Muschelkalk group, the, 162; subdivisions of, 
163 ; distinct stratification of, ib. 
Mylodon, the, 192. 
See Upper 
Nagel-fluh, 109. 
Natrolite, 75. 
Naumann’s nomenclature for systems of crystal- 
lization, 47 et seq. 
Nautilide, the, found in the transition-slate, 152 ; 
characters of, in the cretaceous, 182. 
Nepheline, 75. 
Nerinea, the, as found in the Jura, 172. 
Niagara falls, recession of, 200. 
Nickel, antimonial, 60 ; copper, ib. ; white, pro- 
perties of, 61. 
Nicholson’s areometer, description of, 44. 
Nitric acid, method of manufacturing, 25 ; uses 
of, and method of procuring, 85. 
Nitrogen, method of determining the amount 
of, in a body, 32. 
Normal and abnormal ‘rock masses, difference 
between, 126; relative ages and inter-penetra~- 
665 
