INDEX TO CHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND GEOLOGY. 
limestone and gypsum, 105; survey of the 
hetercnomie, 106 ; conglutinates, ib. ; conglo- 
merates, 107; congregates, 110; cleavage of, 
119 ; accidental separation of, 124 ; rock beds, 
125; order of succession and relative age of 
rock beds, 126; normal and abnormal masses, 
ib. ; rock bed formations, 127; occurrence of 
petrifactions in stratified, 1385; normal, 138 ; 
bottom series, 139 ; middle series, 142 ; pri- 
mary middle, or transition, 143 ; masses aris- 
ing from the decomposition or destruction of, 
195 ; influence of water upon, 199 ; plutonic, 
201; granite, 202; syenite, 203; porphyry, 
-204; amphibolic and pyroxene, 205; vol- 
canoid, 206 ; voleanic, 208. 
Rommershausen’s hydrostatic press, 39. 
Ruby, the, an oxyde of aluminium, 71. 
Rudistes, several genera of, in the white chalk, 
181. 
Rutile, 70. 
Safety tube, Walter’s, 13 ; Hemming’s, 23 ; safety 
lamp, 37. 
Salt, signification of the term, in chemistry, 24 ; 
rock salt, 80. 
Saltpetres of potassa and soda, 81 ; economical 
uses of, 85. 
Salts, nature of the, and description of several, 
77 ; economical uses of the, 84; Glauber, 85. 
Sands, principal species of, 112 ; metalliferous, in 
the upper tertiary, 187. 
Sandstone, found in the transition-slate forma- 
tion, 144; the old red, 147; the red, of the 
secondary middle series, 158; variegated, 
group, 161; tracks of birds in the new red, 
165 ; newest marine, 194. 
Sandstones, principal kinds of, 107 ; in the upper 
tertiary, 186. 
Sandy soil, 111. | 
Sapphire, the, an oxyde of aluminium, 71. 
Saurians, the, pre-eminent among the fossils of 
the Jura, 175. 
Sauroids, the, represented in the Jura by the 
species Megalurus and Aspidorhynchus, 174. 
Saxony, peculiar development of the lower 
chalk in, 179. 
Seapolite, 75. 
Schiller spar, characters of, 100. 
Schuylkill county, subterraneous combustion in, 
209. 
Sea, the, occupies three fourths of the earth’s 
surface, 114; difference between the level of, 
and that of inland waters, 119. 
Secondary middle series, characters of the, 157. 
Selenids, characters of the, and descriptions of 
some of the, 62. 
Selenium, properties and combinations of, 62. 
Separation, mechanical, process of, 34. 
Sepia, sometimes found in a fossil state, 152. 
Serpentine rock, 100 ; mineral substances inclosed 
in, 206 ; weathering of, ib. 
Shale, bituminous, 110; clay, 111. 
Shell conglomerate, 109. 
Shells, fossil, of the tertiary, 191. 
Silica, 69 ; economical uses of, 83. 
Silicates, nature of the, and description of seve- 
ral, 71; some, constitute minerals of great 
value, 83. 
Silicious rocks, subdivisions of the, 91; silicious 
limestones, 103; silicious conglomerate, 109, 
144, 
Silurian system, characters of the, according to ' 
vil 
Hausmann, 145 ; according to Elie de Beau- 
mont and Murchison, 146 ; description of sec- 
tion of, ib. ; peculiar character of the, in Brit. 
tany, 147. 
Silver, method of assaying, 25; characteristics 
of native, 57; antimonial, 60 ; selenid of, 62 ; 
vitreous silver or silver glance, 64. 
Slate, silicious, 91 ; clay, roofing, graphite, and 
alum, 93 ; calcareous clay and horn, &c., 94. 
Smaltine, 61. 
Sodium, preparation of, 16. 
Soil, variable proportion of humus in, 196. 
Soils, conditions of aggregation of, and charac- 
ters of the principal, 111; nature of the, pro- 
duced by the weathering of the bottom series, 
142; by the weathering of the quadersand- 
stein, 178. 
Solids, all capable of transmutation into liquids 
and gases, 3; apparatus for melting, 4 ; appa- 
ratus for converting, into gaseous forms, 6 ; ap- 
paratus for obtaining the solid elements, 15— 
for combining solid and gaseous elements, 21 
—for combining solid and liquid elements, 23. 
Solnhofen, the strata of, fossil insects found in, 173. 
Spar, calcareous and brown, 78; schiller, 100. 
Specifie gravity of minerals, importance of the 
knowledge of, 44. 
Spodumene, 77. 
Springs, general remarks respecting, 196; hot, 
216. 
Stalactites, nature of, 77 ; stalactitic formations, 
129° 
Staurotide, 73. 
Steam apparatus, 38. 
Steel, amount of carbon in, 69. 
Stilbite, 76. 
Still, or alembic, construction of the, 8. 
Stonestield slate, 167 ; the first traces of mamma- 
lia found in, 175. 
Strata, arrangement of, 121; dip and strike of, 
122; all, originally horizontal, ib. ; conform- 
able and non-conformable, 123 ; impossible to 
determine absolutely the antiquity of, 126; in- 
version of, 127; subordinate, 128 ; importance 
of the study of paleontology for the accurate - 
determination of strata groups, 138; the eocene, 
miocene, and older and newer pliocene, 190. 
Stratification, distinction between, and cleavage, 
121; varying planes of, ib.; relation of, to 
mountain masses, 122; technical terms used 
in the consideration of, 123. 
Strontia, carbonate of, 78. 
Strygocephala, the, and allied forms, in the 
transition-slate, 150. 
Sub-Apennine formation, the, of the upper ter- 
tiary, 188. 
Subordinate strata, 128. 
Sulphates of lime, baryta, and the alkalies, 79, 80. 
Sulphur, its combinations, properties, and locali- 
ties, 54. 
Sulphurie acid, drying apparatus with, 28. 
Sulphurids or sulphurets, nature of the, and de- 
scription of several, 63. 
Switzerland, the Jura formation in, 169. 
Syenite, 95; characters and distribution of syenite 
rock, 203, 204. 
Synthesis, chemical, 24. 
Systems of crystallization, enumeration and cha- 
racteristics of the several, 47. 
Tale, 92; tale slate, present in the transzion- 
slate formation, 144. 
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