rOKTY-NINTH AKN^UAL KEPOET S 



of these people and to define it as clearly as that of some of the better 

 known western groups. The study demonstrated that this culture 

 indicates a key region for central California ethnology, since it 

 proved to be a connecting link between the cultures of northern and 

 southern California. These Indians lived on a wooded mountain- 

 ous coast, the northern breaking down of the great Santa Lucia 

 Eange, in a broad interior valley, known in early times as la Canada 

 del rio de Monterey and now as the Salinas Valley, and in the hilly 

 region between coast and valley, and east of the valley. The region 

 was rich in fish, shellfish, game, and in vegetable foods and medic- 

 inal herbs. Labor was roughly divided between men and women, 

 the men tending to the animal food and the women to the vegetable. 

 The houses were built of poles and thatch, shaped like a half 

 orange, with smoke hole at the top, and slightly sunk in the ground. 

 The people lived in villages and were governed by the village chief 

 and elders. One or more sweathouses were to be found at each vil- 

 lage. The people hardened themselves to going the year around with 

 little or no clothing in the mild climate, and the dense morning fogs 

 did not keep them from rising at daylight and taking the daily morn- 

 ing plunge. A bride was taken to live at the house of her husband's 

 people or to a new house built near there. A captain, or even an 

 ordinary man, would sometimes have two or more wives, but monog- 

 amy was the rule. One of the important discoveries is that the 

 people had clans. 



From July 1 to September 22, 1931, Dr. F. H. H. Koberts, jr., 

 archeologist, continued excavations at the site 3i/^ miles south of 

 AUantown, Ariz., where work was started in May of the previous 

 fiscal year. The Laboratory of Anthropology of Santa Fe, N. Mex., 

 cooperated in the project through July and August. The summer's 

 work resulted in the excavation of the subterranean portions of 14 

 structures. The excavations showed that several of the dwellings 

 had been destroyed by fire. The charred remnants of timbers lying 

 on the floors demonstrated clearly the method of roof construction. 

 The details were so clearly shown in one of the houses that it was 

 restored so that visitors to the site might see what dwellings of that 

 type were like. Two other pits were covered with shed roofs so that 

 they will be preserved for a long time to come. The Douglass method 

 of determination gave dates ranging from 814 to 916 A. D. On 

 February 1 Doctor Koberts left Washington for Yucatan, having 

 been detailed to the Carnegie Institution of Washington in the 

 capacity of consulting archeologist. He spent 10 days at Chichen 

 Itza, during which time he gained much first-hand information con- 

 cerning the character of the ancient Mayan civilizations, and also 

 visited Uxmal, the pyramids at San Juan de Teotihuacan, and sev- 



