FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 3 



of Moose Factory, Albany, Attawapiskat, and Weenusk was obtained. 

 Very obviously the system of consanguinity favors cross-cousin 

 marriage; and it is to be noted that at the Great Whale Kiver and 

 Albany both types of this marriage occur ; at Moose and Attawapiskat 

 it is restricted to marriage with paternal aunt's daughter ; at Weenusk 

 apparently neither type obtains. It may be mentioned that by lin- 

 guistic technique it is possible to show in the places named that a 

 number of old terms have been replaced, e. g., the term for cross- 

 nephew has been replaced by the term originally restricted to son-in- 

 law, etc. Also the kinship systems favor exogamy, but he has not 

 been able to find a true gens or clan organization in the whole area. 



Dr. Michelson returned to Washington September 20, where he 

 studied the material gathered on this and previous expeditions. By 

 correspondence with Hudson Bay Co.'s officials and a missionary 

 he obtained data on the Cree of Cumberland House, Norway House, 

 Oxford House, Trout Lake, God's Lake (all dialects in which original 

 I is replaced by n)^ Montreal Lake, Stanley, Pelecan Narrows (dia- 

 lects in which original I is replaced by y). A study was made of the 

 Montagnais of Le Jeune, over 300 years ago ; the orthography plainly 

 indicates kh, tch, and some other variations are representatives of 

 one and the same sound, namely, the one usually transcribed by tc. 

 This study enabled him also to make at least one correction to the 

 Handbook of American Indians, and prove one supposed Algonkin 

 tribe actually was Montagnais-Naskapi. From correspondence it 

 would appear that the dialect spoken at Island Lake is a mixture 

 of Cree, Ojibwa, and possibly Algonkin proper. This indicates that 

 in a number of places there is such a mixture, but apparently not on 

 the same scale. A map showing the distribution and interrelations 

 of the Cree and Montagnais-Naskapi dialects has been made. Tech- 

 nical papers have appeared in professional journals, and others have 

 been prepared and are awaiting publication. The Bureau published 

 Fox Miscellany (Bulletin 114), the proof-sheets of which were 

 corrected during the fiscal year. 



At the beginning of the fiscal year, Dr. John P. Harrington, 

 ethnologist, prepared a report on the Use of Ferns in the Basketry 

 of the Indians of Northwestern California, centering on the use of 

 fern species among the Karuk tribe. The baskets of this section are 

 really built of lumber, that is, of the shredded roots of the Oregon 

 pine. But the two materials which make the baskets beautiful are 

 the glossy black of maidenhair fern stems and the handsome red of 

 Woodwardia fern filaments, dyed with alder bark. 



Dr. Harrington next prepared a paper on Kiowa Memories of the 

 Black Hills and of the Devil's Tower. The Kiowa Indians, 600 

 miles to the south, still have memories of the Black Hills country 

 of South Dakota, which they occupied some 150 years ago. They 



