FIFTY-FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT 5 



public as it deals with a period already dimming in the memories 

 of living men. The name, Alope, of the first wife of Jeronimo, 

 was discovered to be merely a corruption of the Mexican Spanish 

 name Guadalupe. 



Studies on linguistic relationship in the Southwest and California 

 were continued. These studies have resulted in the discovery that 

 Tano-Kiowan and Aztecan are genetically related, and to this larger 

 group Dr. Harrington gave the name Patlan. The discovery was 

 also made that Hopi is a Southern California Shoshonean dialect^ 

 showing developments in common with the Southern California Sho- 

 shonean dialects, and constituting with them a dialectic group of the 

 Aztecan family in contradistinction to any other group. This unity 

 of Hopi with Southern California Shoshonean was first noticed many 

 years ago, the word for wood-rat (e. g., Hopi qdala^ wood-rat, South- 

 ern California Shoshonean qdala^ wood-rat) leading immediately to 

 the discovery. It was also noticed by Dr. J. E. Swanton and Dr. 

 Harrington that Tano-Kiowan and Shoshonean have genetic rela- 

 tionship with the languages of the Southeastern United States (Musk- 

 hogean, Chitimacha, Atakapa, Tonkawa, Timucua), Tano-Kiowan, 

 for instance, and all the Southeastern languages above-mentioned 

 showing the characteristic prefix na-^ something, used in deriving 

 nouns from verbs (e. g., Tanoan tha^ to dwell; natha^ house). 



At the beginning of the fiscal year Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, Jr., 

 archeologist, was engaged in excavating at tlie Lindenmeier site in 

 northern Colorado. At this place remains attributable to the ma- 

 terial culture of Folsom man, one of the earliest known inhabitants 

 of the New World, are found. The 1936 investigations constituted 

 the third season's work there, and valuable new information was 

 obtained on this important phase in the study of the history of the 

 American Indian. Digging was carried on at three different por- 

 tions of the site, and considerable new bone material and several new 

 types of implements came from the excavations. Most of the bones 

 were from the large extinct species of bison {Biso7i taylon) which 

 the people hunted, but in addition a number of bones from the Amer- 

 ican camel, probably Camelops^ were obtained in direct association 

 with the bison bones and with stone implements. This adds one more 

 extinct species of animal to the list of those found with Folsom 

 artifacts. One of the significant facts established by the work is 

 that the site was occupied before and during a period characterized 

 by the formation of a thick, black soil layer produced by heavy vege- 

 tation that thrived when conditions were more favorable than those 

 of recent times. That the people were there before the inception of 

 this era of abundant growth points to an even greater antiquity than 

 that suggested by the presence of implements and bones in the bottom 



