71 



patch represents the bast and pericycle, through which several leaf- 

 traces can be fecen passing out to the leaves. Moce externally the 

 inner cortex is preserved ia part on the upper side, and on the vight 

 hand. The ring of the outei* cortex, with its dark bands of thicic 

 walled cells, is very characteristic. The anatomy of this stem corn« 

 bines character^ partly belonging to the Ferns and partly to Cycads. 

 From the South Lancashire coalfield. X 5. 



Page 31. Sphenopteris (Zeilieria) delicatula (Sternberg).* 

 A delicate and graceful frond of the Sphenopteris type, with very 

 small, narrow, divided pinnules. The fructification is known as 

 Zeilieria. From the Cumberland coalfield. Slightly enlarged. 



Page 32. Sphenopteris (Renaultia) chaerophylloides 

 (Brongniart).* Another species, showing the nervation, the leaflets 

 not being very deeply lobed. The fructification of this frond is 

 known as Renaultia. From the Yorkshire coalfield. Slightly 

 enlarged. 



NEUROPTERIS. 



The fronds known as Neuropteris are often much branched, but 

 possess larger leaflets than those of sphenopteris^ and are attached 

 at the base by a single point. The leaflets are oval or oval- 

 lanceolate in shape, and possess a central Or median nerve, which 

 does not, however, extend to the apex. The lateral nerves usually 

 branch several times. 



JPage 33. Neuropteris heterophylla, Brongniart.* A small 

 part of a frond of a common species, showing the shape of the 

 leaflets, their attachment at the base, and the nervation. This 

 frond bore seeds {Rhabdocarpus, page 38). From the Nottingham- 

 shire coalfield. Slightly enlarged. 



Page 34. Neuropteris heterophylla, Brongniart* Another 

 frond of the same species, showing simple, lance-shaped leaflets near 

 the apex, which become divided below into oval, hearlshaped 

 leaflets. From the Yorkshire coalfield. Reduced |. 



Page 35. Neuropteris gigantea, Sternberg.* Another species 

 with very regular, oval leaflets, all nearly similar in size, and 

 with very much branched, fine, lateral nerves. From (?) the South 

 Staffordshire coalfield. Natural size. 



Page 36. Neuropteris fiexuosa, Sternberg.* Part of a 

 frond, showing the terminal leaflet, and the nervation of the leaflets. 

 From the Shrewsbury coalfiti'd. X |. 



Page 37. Neuropteris iVcheuchzeri, Hoffmann.* Detached 

 leaflets of a species with large fronds composed of long, lance-shaped 

 leaflets, the lateral nerves of which fork many tim©s. The leaflets 

 were covered with short hairs, which can usually be detected by 

 tha short striae on the surface. From the Somerset coalfield. 

 Slightly reduced. 



Page 38. Rhabdocarpus sp. The seed of a Medullosa^ 

 bearing fronds of the Neu7-upitrris type. The seed has many longi- 

 tudinal ridges. From the Somerset coalfield. X if. 



Page 39. Neuropteris (Cyclopteris) sp. The main axis of 

 the large Neuropterid fronds often bore large leaflets, differing 

 entirely in shape from those of the rest of the frond. In the photo- 

 graph, an axis is seen bearing on cither side a large, fan-shaped leaflet 



