GOLOFA. 333 



1. Golofa pizarro. (Tab. XX. figg. 3, 3a, 6 ; 4, 4a, 5, 6 a, 6, Qa,7,7a, 6 var.) 

 Golofa Pizarro, Hope, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. ii. p. 44 (<$)\ 

 Golofa hastatus, Burm. Handb. der Ent. v. p. 247 ( <J ? ) (nee Fabr.) 2 . 

 Golofa Sallei, Thorns. Mus. Scient. i. p. 39 (1860) 3 . 

 Golofa clavicornis, Thorns, loc. cit. p. 40 4 . 



Hab. Mexico 1234 , Mazatlan, Tuxtla, Cordova, Toxpam, Tanetza, Parada {Salle), 

 Jalapa (Hbge) ; Guatemala {Salle), Coban and Tactic in Vera Paz, Tepan {Conradt). 



The examination of a very large series of this species, mostly from Jalapa, shows 

 that it is extremely variable in the male sex, not only in colour and sculpture, but in 

 the length, form, and sculpture of the thoracic horn ; and, in fact, that no twp examples 

 fairly agree. The females, on the contrary, are, as nearly as possible, alike in form, 

 colour, and sculpture, and differ only in size. In fully-developed males, the apex of 

 the thoracic horn is always curved forward, and dilated into a broad and more or less 

 tridentate plate. Those examples in which the horn is very long form the G. sallei of 

 Thomson, and these vary in the horn being sometimes inclined backwards, in the 

 dilated apex, double the width in some examples that it is in others, obtusely carinated 

 above or marked with an impressed line, and in the length of the three teeth, the 

 anterior one being sometimes very much reduced, so that the front of the club is 

 nearly truncated, and sometimes short and notched. Males of all developments, in 

 which the thoracic horn is strongly punctured, form the G. clavicornis of Thomson ; 

 but the non-validity of this species is shown by the facts that all the males of low 

 development, with short subcylindrical thoracic horn, have the horn coarsely punctured, 

 and that the coarsely-punctured horn does not correspond with coarsely-punctured 

 elytra (as Thomson avers) ; moreover, every gradation is present, in a large series, with 

 regard to the punctuation of the horn ; and all were found together by Herr Hoge in 

 the same locality. 



The general colour of the male varies from testaceous-yellow, through castaneous to 

 sooty-black, the thorax in the yellower examples being generally more or less clouded 

 with brown, and very rarely wholly brown. The underside of the body and legs also 

 vary from yellowish or reddish-testaceous (with all articulations and tarsi darker) to 

 sooty-black. The head entirely and thoracic horn are always black. The suture and the 

 extreme lateral margin of the elytra in the yellower examples are dusky. The females 

 are wholly black, moderately shining, and coarsely subconnuently punctured, and are 

 difficult to be distinguished from the similarly-coloured females of allied species. The 

 entire upper edge of the mandibles (in which they agree with the males) is the chief 

 differentiating character ; the colour of the pubescence on the under surface is tawny 

 cinereous, scarcely rufescent as Burmeister gives it, and quite different from the foxy- 

 red hue which distinguishes the very similar female of G. championi. 



G. 7ias£fltf«s (Castelnau), referred to this species by Burmeister, seems to me to belong 

 to G. imperialis. The form of the thoracic horn described is that of the undeveloped 



