fu.-ri/ 



I 



|Chica;ix: u 



United Cti^tes Department o.i' the Interior 

 Fish and. ';ildlii'e oerVice 



yildli:.'e Lccflet 2-71: 



4, 111. 





i r. % . 



A- _ ;; , , „ , . , , . .-^, ; , , ~ >, 



Dy ;j], S, Horn, forr.idrly I3iolo-;;.ist in. the Division of '.'ildlife Hesear'ch 



Contents 



' " , / - ...;•' Page 



Exfocts oT .L'orest-i;ildlife inter- 

 actions ,,,...,..... 1 



Tyoe Ox .I'orest affects vjildlife 2 



■ . i--age , 



TJildl^ife affects type of- forest, 3. 

 IJesults on' California stadj^ 



areas ,,,,,.,,.,, ^ 3 



±iij-' - jjj 



GTS OF' jO^iXVr- 'ILIjLI"S INTSISivCTIOiiS 



vore;:;ts, '..ith their, divorsi ty* of conditiorxS, are the homos of nuiileroas' 

 forms 'of vdldlife. They- are, indeed, corffiilunities of interrelated living * ' 

 organisms, I'he lives of i' the forest ;;.lants and anim.als are so closely inter- 

 woven that it is impossible for one of them to function without infldenelrig- 

 others. These 'interactions :j.argely: determine the nature of the biotic 

 cor.imunity. . . -' . : • ■ ■ ' . 



.' The animals in any community d'yoend, directly or inv;.irectly, u-joh 

 plants for fooj. and, in many instances', . for; shelter , The. type of vegeta- 

 tion available for food ehd cover det;ermines, in,- part , the,.. spe.ci -.s :0f .'an^ 

 imals that- can exist an an ar.e-a, All^ .animals displ^r/ preferences, in these' 

 respects, th'-.t. ma.y or ma.-^ not i:irevail t'o'aii- erclu-sivrf'.-extsnt , -The results,,' 

 are tw: fold: -(1) If an- anim-al': is:. unadaptpj^lo' tp a .gi-von environjnent and re- 

 quires- a definite type of ;:'o-:'u or coyer, ;>lant-s may bo an important 1. - --or 

 in dete,rrain-in,g its abundance and distribution. -In cuch circumstances there 

 TJill be a some-.ihat constant ratio- bat'i.ieen the .abundance, of host slants and. 

 that of guest'' animals', though 'ov or a long period lOf time. -the .numbers of both 

 may fluctuate greatly. (2) If the animal^ ,i,s highly, adaptable, changing, 

 readi-ly from one food tc anothe'r and maintaining ..Its nurabers, it is likely . 

 to exert a marked influence upon the plant c-omTiUnity, 



» not:::;, — This leaflet supersedis '-ildlife uesearch and Management 

 Leaflet BS-13^, issued by the Bureau of 'piological Gurvey, United States 



Department of j.gricul'* 



-n 



.pril 19 39, and is a revision of a paper 



presented at the Third North .-j^i-jrican ';ildlife Conference, Baltimore, Md,, 

 'x'Qbruary 1938 (Trans., pp. 37o-3o0, 1938). 



