dura-lDle and will staiid up in heavy ',7ind aiid thro-agh severe rains. Split- 

 tailed streamers of this paper are said to he very noisy and effective. It 

 is reported to he cheaper than muslin and more durable than the cloth streamers. 



TJlaen paper strea'ners are to he used it is c"a;5gested that prices includ- 

 ing cutting he ootained from a local company. Machina cutting of the streamers 

 at the paper mill vrill add little to tue cost, vrhile cuttirig streamers hy hand 

 on the ranch is a long ai'.d lahorious tack. 



Paper streamers nay either he pinred to the cord or tied to it \7ith a 

 short string; the latter is considered hest as it permits maximum motion. The 

 end of the ctroamer must he folded back so as to give additional strength where 

 tied. TTnen the period of damage has passed, the streamers should he removed 

 from the cord and the cord rolled up and preserved for \i.se the following season 



Cloth streamers iilso may he tied to the cord vath a short string, or 

 th&y nay he knotted directly to the cord as it ic3 heing stretched from stake 

 to stake. TTnen cloth streamers are used, the cord v/ith streamers attached 

 may he wound upon notched hoards and kept intact until e^gain needed. 



Many of the crops attacked hy horned larks are grown in hed-rows; 

 others a,re grown in single rows on a flat-crurfacod field. The distance hetween 

 rows or heds will determine the exact distance hctween the rows of stakes and 

 streamers. For example, in a hed-rowed crop \7here the centers of the heds 

 are (Exactly 27 inches aj^art, a row of staires can ho placed in the center of 

 each tenth hed, or ahout 23 feet apart, or in the center of each twelfth hed, 

 (jr 28 feet apart. The rows of stakes and streamers should never he placed 

 more than 30 feet apa rt, and it is douhtf-ii whether any situation would arise 

 that woxild demand the placing of the rows clos er than 20 feet apart . In 

 common field usage the rows of stakes average ahout 25 feet apart. 



This method of protecting plantlets against attack hy horned larks is 

 strorigly recommended to a^ricult-oral officials and ranchers faxjed with this 

 prohlem. When properly done it is an efficient method of preventing loss. 

 .:^o time should he wasted on trials of -anGertain and less efficient methods. 

 lJ^_J:^'...>ffst_jtG_ install cortipuous strJn g fXaiX-^'^ ^--, advance , nf. or at the 

 XXv^t s i g n of, attack uiocn the crop. 



This method IS HOT TZOOUliSHJ^ for protection against hirds of any 

 species other than horned larks. 



Ig tl-?s-te,,. of Costs, of !;,ontin):in-iB S trin g Fla^in.;^ 



Ehe cost of applying th.e contirsuDur, string flagging method is moderate 

 "When one considers the immenso losses soir.etlBjee ocaasionad hy failure to 

 protect the crbp.. Costs ttilX vary with wages in each 3.ccality, Por materials 

 alone :i.t will "^e froip approximately 85yJ per aci^e, vtith paper streamers, to 

 api)roximately $1.8^ per acre, with cloth. This estimate is hased upon the 

 materials necessary to stake and flag ohe acre, 208 hy 203 feet, with the 

 stakes placed 50 feet apart in the row find the rows spaced 25 feet apart, the 

 pricey heing oh-fcained in January "1935 in the trading center of pji area in 

 which bondreds of acres of crops are protected each year 'by this method. It 

 should he noted that this carriss the stakes axirL fla^s to the horder of the 



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