" ' Terrace forest. — This is not an outstanding type. In general it 

 resembles that of the slopes and uplands except that, "being level, it re- 

 tains mere moisture and this is reflected in si 5 ght differences in the vege- 

 tation, Much the same type of forest occurs in places along the "bottom-land 

 "bluffs and on the gentle slopes bordering the valleys of some of the brooks. 

 Terra.ce forest appears to be the nearest approach to a climaxof any type 

 of vegetation observed on the refuge. Species commoner here than elsewhere 

 are Fagus gra-ndi folia and L ir-io dendron tulipif era . Ilex opaca and Kalmia 

 latif olia are common members of the understory. Abundant herbs are: 



Bryopteris noveboracensis. 

 Lycopoc'ium ccmplanatun, 

 Garex swanii. 



Medeola virginia,na. 

 Epifagus virginiana. 

 Mitchella repens. 



°* Slope and up land fcrest . — This characterizes a greater part of the 

 area than docs any other type. It is usually of mixed oak and pine, but on 

 recently cleared land it is pure pine. On some cut-over areas the stand is 

 largely oak. The dominant trees , and characteristic shrubs and herbs of slope 

 and upland forest are: 



Trees 



Pinus rigida. 

 P. virginiana. 

 Que reus alba. 



Quercus coccinea. 

 0> falcata. 

 Q,. velutina. 



Shrubs 



Oast.a3.1ea ptunila (cut-over 



a,reas ) . 

 Gaylu s s ac i a b ac c a t a . 

 G-. frondosa. 



Kalmia latif olia. 

 Phododendi.'cm nudiflorum. 

 Yaccinium stamineum. 

 7. vacillans. 



Eerbs 



Pteridium latiusculum. 

 Chimauhila maculata. 



Pj^rola- aioericana. 

 Sp i fa eus vi r gi ni ana . 



®* Ab an do ne d fields . — Recently cultivated land comprises a large 

 acreage, mostly on slopes and uplands, but also to some extent on terraces 

 along the Patuxent "Valley. The soils of the latter are noticeably more 

 sandy than elsewhere, and this is reflected in differences in vegetation. 

 A characteristic of fields that have been out of cultivation for 1 to 3 

 years is the great variety of weedy species that grow there. Most common 

 of these are: 



