APPENDIX II. GLOSSARY OF TERMS 



311 



Log scale. A measure of the board-foot content of 

 roundwood. Local scale may include Scribner, Doyle or 

 other rules. The international Vinch log rule is used as 

 standard in the Forest Survey. 



Logging residues. Unused portions of trees cut or killed 

 by logging. 



Mortality. Number or sound-wood volume of live trees 

 dying from natural causes during a specified period. 



Multiple-use management. The management of land 

 resources aimed at achieving optimum yields of products 

 and services from a given area without impairing the 

 productive capacity of the site. 



National Forest lands. Federal lands which have been 

 legally designated as National Forests or purchase units, 

 and other lands under the administration of the Forest 

 Service, including experimental areas and Bankhead-Jones 

 Title III lands. 



Net annual growth. The increase in volume of trees 

 during a specified year. Components of net annual growth 

 include the increment in net volume of trees at the begin- 

 ning of the specified year surviving to its end, plus the 

 net volume of trees reaching the minimum size class 

 during the year, minus the volume of trees that died 

 during the year, and minus the net volume of trees that 

 became rough or rotten trees during the year. 



Net volume in board feet. The gross board-foot volume 

 of trees less deductions for rot or other defect affecting 

 use for lumber. 



Net volume in cubic feet. Gross volume in cubic feet 

 less deductions for rot. 



Noncommercial forest land. (1) Unproductive forest 

 land incapable of yielding crops of industrial wood, because 

 of adverse site conditions and (2) productive forest land 

 reserved for nontimber uses. 



Noncommercial species. Tree species of typically small 

 size, poor form, or inferior quality which normally do not 

 develop into trees suitable for industrial wood products. 



Nonforest land. Land that has never supported forests 

 and lands formerly forested where use for timber manage- 

 ment is precluded by development for other uses. (Note: 

 Includes areas used for crops, improved pasture, residential 

 areas, city parks, improved roads of any width and ad- 

 joining clearings, powerline clearings of any width, and 

 1- to 40-acre areas of water classified by the Bureau of the 

 Census as land. If intermingled in forest areas, unimproved 

 roads and nonforest strips must be more than 120 feet 

 wide, and clearings, etc., more than 1 acre in size, to 

 qualify as nonforest land.) 



Nonstocked areas. Commercial timberland less than 10 

 percent occupied with growing-stock trees. 



Old-growth stands. Stands in which 50 percent or more 

 of the area is occupied by old-growth timber. 



Old-growth timber. Trees that are at least 100 years old. 



Other removals. The net volume of growing-stock trees 

 removed from the inventory by cultural operations such 

 as timber-stand improvement, by land clearing and by 

 changes in land use, and not utilized for timber products. 



Pasture and rangeland. Land which is currently im- 

 proved for grazing by cultivation, seeding or irrigation, 

 and natural grasslands. 



Plant byproducts. Wood products such as pulp chips 

 obtained incidental to production of other manufactured 

 products. 



Plant residues. Waste materials from the manufacture of 

 lumber, plywood and other wood products. Includes slabs, 

 edgings, trimmings, miscuts, sawdust, shavings, veneer 

 cores and clippings, and pulp screenings. 



Poletimber stands. Stands at least 10 percent occupied 

 with growing-stock trees of which half or more of this 

 stocking is in poletimber and/or sawtimber trees, and with 

 poletimber stocking exceeding that of sawtimber. 



Prescribed burning. The application of fire to land under 

 such conditions of weather, soil moisture, and other factors 

 as presumably will accomplish specific silvicultural, 

 wildlife, grazing, or fire-hazard-reduction purposes. 



Primary wood-processing plants. Plants using round 

 wood products such as saw logs, pulpwood bolts, veneer 

 logs, etc. 



Productive-reserved forest land. Forest land sufficiently 

 productive to qualify as commercial timberland, but 

 withdrawn from timber utilization through statute or 

 administrative designation. 



Removals. Volumes of timber removed from the growing- 

 stock inventory, including timber products, logging 

 residues, and other removals such as land clearing. 



Rotation. The period of years between establishment of 

 a stand of timber and the time when it is considered ready 

 for final harvest and regeneration. 



Rotten tree. Live tree of commercial species that does 

 not contain, now or prospectively, at least one 12-foot saw 

 log or two noncontiguous saw logs each 8 feet or longer, 

 and/or does not meet regional specifications for freedom 

 from defect primarily because of rot; that is, when more 

 than 50 percent of the cull volume in a tree is rotten. 



Rough tree. (1) Live tree of commercial species that 

 does not contain, now or prospectively, at least one 12-foot 

 saw log or two noncontiguous saw logs each 8 feet or 

 longer, and/or does not meet regional specifications for 

 freedom from defect primarily because of roughness or 

 poor form, and (2) live tree of noncommercial species. 



Roundwood products. Logs, bolts, or other round sections 

 cut from trees for industrial or consumer use. 



Roundwood equivalent. The volume of logs or other 

 round products required to produce woodpulp, lumber, or 

 other processed products. 



Salvable dead trees. Standing or down dead trees that 

 are considered merchantable by regional standards. 



Sampling error. The probable error of an estimated total 

 or average that arises from taking a sample rather than 

 making a complete inventory or measurement. 



Saplings. Live trees 1.0 inch to 5.0 inches in diameter 

 at breast height. 



Saw-log portion. That part of the bole of sawtimber trees 

 between the stump and the saw-log top. 



Saw logs. Logs meeting minimum regional standards of 

 diameter, length, and defect. Logs must be at least 8 feet 

 long, have a minimum diameter inside bark of 6 inches for 

 softwoods and 8 inches for hardwoods and maximum defect 

 as specified by regional standards. 



Sawtimber stands. Stands at least 10 percent occupied 

 with growing-stock trees, with half or more of total 

 stocking in sawtimber or poletimber trees, and with 

 sawtimber stocking at least equal to poletimber stocking. 



Sawtimber trees. Live trees of commercial species 

 containing at least one 12-foot saw log or two noncontigu- 

 ous 8-foot logs, and meeting regional specifications for 

 freedom from defect. Softwood trees must be at least 9.0 

 inches in diameter breast height, except in California, 

 Oregon, Washington, and coastal Alaska where the 

 minimum diameter is 11.0 inches. Hardwood trees must 

 be at least 11.0 inches in diameter in all States. 



Secondary wood-processing plants. Plants using pri- 

 mary manufactured products such as lumber, wood- 

 pulp, veneer, or plywood. 



Seedling and sapling stands. Stands at least 10 percent 

 occupied with growing-stock trees of which more than half 

 of the stocking is saplings and/or seedlings. 



Seedlings. Live trees less than 1.0 inch in diameter at 

 breast height that are expected to survive according to 

 regional standards. 



Site preparation. Removal or deadening of unwanted 

 vegetation prior to planting trees, including prescribed 

 burning, use of herbicides, and disking and other mechani- 

 cal means of removing vegetative cover. 



Softwoods. Coniferous trees, usually evergreen having 

 needles or scalelike leaves. 



Stand improvement. Measures such as thinning, release 

 cutting, girdling, weeding, or poisoning of unwanted trees 

 aimed at improving growing conditions. 



