1946 
1947 
1947 
1947 
shaped chromosomes, two by two, into two V-ehaped multiples, The chromosomes 
of the hybrid Numida meleagris X Gallus gallus coneist of the sum of the hap- 
loid set from each parent, 

"The Chromosomes of the Cuckoo, the Budgeriger, the Little Ringed-Plover, and the 
Chinese Bamboo Pheasant" (with English resume): Le Krom, 1, pp 18-22, 3 fig, 
Sep 1946. 
The constitutions of macro-chromosomes of Cuculus, Melopsittacue, Charadrius, 
and Bambusicola are formulated. The ratio obtained between long and short arms 
of the atelomitic chromosomes and relative lengths measured in the macro-chromo- 
somes are tabulated. 

"A Now Classification of Anatidae": Zool Mag, LVII (1,2), p 12, 5 Feb 1947. 
Abstract and conclusions of a lecture delivered before the society October 1946, 
The author rearranges the Anatidae, based on his study of their chromosomes and 
the results of interfertility of hybrids, His results: 
Family Anatidae 
Sub-family Anserinae 
Supergenus Anser 
Sub-family Anatinae 
Supergenus Cygnus 
Supergenus Anas 
Supergenus Mergus 
Supergenus Dendronessa 
"A Little Sanctuary": Trans Orn Soe Jap, II (2), pp 1-2, Mar 1947. 
A short account of the author's efforts to attract wild birds to his Tokyo 
house by feeding them and by planting the birds' favorite trees, During the 
past 20 years 12 species have nested on his grounds, 
"Species and Races in Higher Animals Considered from the Cytological Standpoint": 
Jap Jour Gen, XX (4,5,6), pp 116-126, Dec 1944 (actual date of publication, Aug 
1947 ) 
The author distinguishes two typee of mutations: first, qualitative changes in 
the nucleic acid of the gene, which he terms "simple gene mutation", and second, 
qualitative changes in the carrier-protein of the gene, which he calls “carrier- 
protein mutation", He believes subspecies (considered synonymous with "geographi- 
cal race") are formed by a combination of natural selection and geographical iso- 
lation, operating through simple gene mtation, while species are formed not by 
an accumulation of these simple gene mutations but by chromosome aberration and 
carrier-protein mutation. 
Tims species and subspecies are basically totally different categories and not a 
matter of degree of morphological differences, Many domestic races of pigeons 
and fowls vary widely in phenotypical characteristics from their wild ancestors, 
but they are still the same species, possess identical chromosome complexes in 
the carrier-protein of the gene, and show complete interfertility. The mutant 
gene that determines racial differences within the species does not affect fer- 
tility, but changes in the carrier-protein which determine specific differences 
do affect it. Hence, in spite of their clear-cut phenotypical differences, since 
Phasianus versicolor and Phasianus colchicug are completely interfertile they are 
considered as only racially, not specifically, distinct, Hybrids between species 
show varying degrees of sterility, from partial to complete, depending on the de- 
gree of difference between the chromosome complexes received from each parent, 
If the hybrid shows only partial sterility, the author considers the parent species 
to be congeneric, If the hybrid shows complete sterility, the parents are con- 
29 
