140 



Juniper, and Pifioii ; while the arroyos^ or depressions in the mesas, 

 contain fine groves of Mesqnit. In the mountain valleys, gulches and 

 canyons, are Yellow Pine, Pinou, Dwarf Maple, and Scrub Oak. On 

 the higher ranges, at the north, in addition to the Pines, are found the 

 White Spruce and Eed Fir. Juniper is common on the foot-hills of 

 this section. The river valleys are lined with Cottonwood, Box-Elder, 

 several varieties of Willow, Alder, 2\sh, Sycamores, Cherries, and Mul- 

 berries. On the southern plains, or wide sandy valleys, the prevailing 

 growths are Yucca, Madrona, and Palo Verde (acacia). On mountain 

 slopes the second growth is often Aspen. The elevated plain, which 

 occupies the eastern portion of the Territory, has no forests, and is prac- 

 tically treeless. The finest timbered region in ^ew Mexico is in the 

 southwestern part, and includes the Magdalena, Mogollon, Sierra Di- 

 ablo, and other high ranges. Large bodies of Pine, Spruce, and Fir, 

 suitable for lumber, are found here. In the northern mountains, at the 

 headwaters of the Eio Pecos, there is some excellent timber. 



Viewing the Territory as a whole, the Yellow Pine is the most im- 

 portant and useful tree, and furnishes a large proportion of the native 

 lumber. 



The following is a list of the forest trees of !N"ew Mexico : 



Yellow Pine (Pimts ponderosa, Dougl.). 



White Piue (P. reflexa and P. flexiUs, Eugelm.)- 



Black Pine, or Tamarack (P. Mnrraijana, Balfour). 



Pinus CJiihualiuana, Engelin. 



Piiion, or Xnt Pine (P. edalls, Engelm.). 



White Spruce {Picea Engelmanni, Engelm.)- 



Eed. or Yellow Fir (Pseudotsuga Bouglasil, Carr.). 



White, or Balsam Fir (Alles concolor, Lindl. and Gordon). 



Juniper {Juniperus pachypliloea^ Torr.). 



Juniper (Juniperusoccide"talis, Hook, var monosperma, Engl.). 



Red Cedar (.7M«y;erMS Firginiana, h.). 



Cj^press {Cu2)ressus Giiadalupensis, Watson). 



Sycamore {tlatanus JVrightii, Watson). 



Bos Elder (N'egundo acero'\des, Moench). 



Dwarf Maple {Acer glabr urn, Tovr.). 



Dwarf Maple (Acer gram identatum, Nutt). 



Ash iFraxinus pistaei(vfolia, Torr.). 



Walnut (Juglans rupeslris, Eugelm). 



Black Oak (Qnercus Emoryi, Torr.). 



Locust (Eohinia Neo-'Mexicajia, Gray). 



Mesquit {Prosopis juliflora, D. C). 



Cottonwood (Pojmlus monilifera, Ait.). 



Cottonwood (P. angustifolia, James). 



Cottonwood (P. Fremontii var. WisUzeni, Watson). 



Note.— Estimates of forest areas differ widely for the same region. This results 

 from the diiference in the competency and carefulness of the observers, and from the 

 fact That there is no accepted standard of estimate. Some include in forest lands not 

 only those tracts which are densely or mainly covered with trees, but also grazing 

 lands on which may be found only a few scattering pinous or cedars. The estimates 

 here given of the lorest areas of New Mexico, as indeed all the estimates of forest areas 

 embodied in this report, are designed to embrace only those which arc strictly forest 

 clad. The constant endeavor has been not to overestimate in this respect. 



