177 



iu height aud 1 foot or more in diameter, often forming dense growths 

 along streams and in valleys. It is fonnd in sonthwestern New Mexico, 

 sonthwestern Colorado (eastern Washington Territory and Oregon 5 

 also ranging through the eastern half of the United States and north 

 of the boundary). The wood is heavy and hard, but rather brittle. 



DesGriptlon. — Leaves varyiug' iu length from Ij- to 4^- iuclies, aud from 1 to 3 iuclies 

 iu width; oval to broadly ovate or slightly obloug-ovate, sharp-jjoiuted orrouudcd; 

 at the base taperiug sharply, somewhat wedge-shaped, or rounded ; margin usu- 

 ally cut with large teeth (sometimes lobe-like), which are themselves finely toothed 

 (doubly serrate); upper surface smooth, or more or less dowuy, as are the leaf- and 

 ilower-stems. Fruit globular to slightly pear-shaped, % to uearly f of an inch iu diam- 

 eter, light red or orange-colored ; edible. Thorns 1 to 2^ inches long, thick and 

 sharp. 



CAPEIFOLIAOE^ : HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY. 



5G. — Elder. {Samhumis glaiica, Nuttal!.) 



A large shrub or tree, sometimes attaining a height of 20 to 25 feet, 

 with a diameter of 6 to 12 inches. It is found abundantly in the Wah- 

 satch Mountains of central Utah, usually along valleys in a dry soil, 

 but is met with chiefly on the Pacific coast, extending from Mexico to 

 British Columbia and northward. The wood is light, soft, and little 

 esteemed. As an ornamental tree it is quite popular, being used con- 

 siderably for this purpose. 



Description.— henvea compound, with 2^ to 4i pairs of ovate or oblong lance- 

 shaped leaflets, which vary in length from 1} to 4^ inches, and iu width from 

 f to 1^ inches ; base of the leaflet acute and often with unec^ual sides (uniqm- 

 lateral); apex usually with long thin point; margin sharply toothed; generally 

 smooth (but sometimes slightly pubescent). Fruit iu a flat-topped clnster, black, but 

 covered with a dense white Moom—a, striking characteristic. Pith of young branches 

 white. 



OLEACE^: OLIVE FAMILY. 



57. — u Single-leaf Ash." {Fraxinus anomala, Torrey.) 



Abundant on shady hillsides and plateaus. A small tree, rarely more 

 than 2t> feet in height and 3 to G inches in diameter, occurring in south- 

 ern Utah and southwestern Colorado. The wood is hard, heavy, and 

 coarse-grained. 



Description. — Au anomalous species, lacking the usual compound leaf peculiar to 

 other ashes. Leaves simple, opposite, 1 to 2 inches long, ovate, orbicular or heart- 

 shaped (chiefly the latter), often with a broad notch at the end, mostly rounded above 

 or with short point ; margin entire or with shallow, rounded teeth ; sometimes smooth, 

 but usually more Or less downy on the under surfaces, as are the leaf-stems and young 

 shoots, but more densely so. Seeds f to ^ of an inch long, ovate, pointed at the base, 

 rounded and with notch above, strongly veined iu the center. Young shoots often, 

 strongly quadrangular, with thin raised ridge (wing) at the angles. 



24738— Bull 2 12 ./; 



