21 



part taking a beariug on the uQcler side of the bottom of the tie; the 

 upright web is nearly vertical, bat curved so as to grip the wood block. 

 A bolt passes horizontally through the two clips aud the block, near 

 tbe top of the latter, holding all the parts tirmly together. At the rail- 

 joints it is intended to use a tie of extra width, with wide clips and two 

 bolts, aud it is claimed that this fastening will be sufficient in itsflf, 

 and will obviate the necessity of using splice plates. These tics have 

 not yet been in service, but arrangements have been mnde for their 

 manufacture, and it is said that they will soon be tried on a Western 

 road. Tlie claim is made that they are specially adapted fur roads 

 with a narrow width of ballast, owing to the resistance to lateral move- 

 ment being at the middle instead of the ends of the tie. 



The Taylor tie. — This is an iron or steel tie on the "bowl" system, 

 each tie consisting of a separate piece under each rail, connected by a 

 third piece forming a tie- bar. The rail-bearers are short pieces of in- 

 verted trough section, placed longitudiually with the rail, and have a 

 vertical transverse slot through which the deep Hat tie-bar passes. 

 The inside llange of the rail is held by clips, forming a part of the top 

 table of the trough, and the outside flange is held by a hooked projec- 

 tion at the end of the tie-bar. No bolts or other loose parts are used. 



The Toucey tie. — This is a cast-iron " pot" tie designed by Mr. Toucey, 

 general superintendent of the ISTew York Central aud Hudson Eiver 

 Kail road. Each tie consists of two " pots," of H -section, with outward 

 flaring sides ; the " pors" are connected by a tie-rod, the ends of which 

 are bent at right angles to fit into a hole in the horizontal web, the rod 

 passing through a hole in the side. The " pots " are 18 inches long, 9| 

 inches wide on top, IGJ inches wide at bottom, and 8^% inches deep ; 

 the thickness varies from one-half inch to 1 inch. The space above the 

 web is filled with an oak block, to which the rail is secured by the Bush 

 interlocking bolts. These ties are in use at the Grand Central Depot 

 in New York City. 



A cliannel tie. — A channel tie was used by the Pennsylvania Rail- 

 road for some years subsequent to 1880. In that year some were laid 

 on the rUbert Street extension, and in 1885 about 400 or 500 were laid 

 on the main track in the West Philadelphia yard. The tie consisted of 

 an ordinary 7-inch channel iron (i 1) 8 feet inches longj the ends 

 were closed by a piece of angle-iron riveted on, and a cross piece ot 

 angle-iron was also riveted inside the channel, just under the outer 

 flange of the rail. The fastenings for each rail consisted of a piece 

 of angle-bar riveted to the face of the tie (the rivets passing through 

 the angle-bar, tie, and inside angle-iron) on the outside of the rail, and 

 a loose flat clip on the inside of the rail, fastened by bolts. Writing in 

 1836, Mr. Brown, the chief engineer of the Pennsylvania Railroad, said : 



These ties cost from $3 to $4 each. As loug as we can get good oak ties for not ex- 

 ceeding $1 each, I -woaUI not recommend making the change, although they give 

 perfect satisfaction and are no more trouble to keep in line and surface than ^vooden 

 ties, E. E. E. T. ' 



