83 



Cost of inaintGiiance o« trial iraolcs with wooden and metal ties, etc. — Continued. 





Wben 

 laid. 



Date Tvbeu observa- 

 tion commenced. 



Days in service. 



Cost of maintenance in francs per kilometer per day. 



a 



a 



From begin- 

 ning observa- 

 tion to Jan- 

 uary 1, 1888. 



1887. 



1881. 



1882. 



1883. 



1884. 



1885. 



1886. 



1887. 



Average from 

 beginning ob- 

 servation to 

 January, 1888. 



1 



*3 

 6 



7 



11 



1881 

 1881 

 1881 



1882 



18S9 



18 



July 1,1881 

 ....do 



Sept. 1,1881 

 Jan. 1, 1883 



.--.do 



....do 



do 



Oct. 1, 1883 



-- do 



.. do 



....do 



Apr. 1, 1885 

 June 1,1887 

 Juno 15, 1881 

 Sept. 1.1881 

 Jan. 1, 1885 

 Sept. 15, 1885 



- do 



Mar. 1,1884 



....do 



..-.do 



Juno 1,1880 

 Sept. 1, 1887 



... do 



13 



2, 375 

 2,375 

 2, 313 

 1,82G 

 1, 820 

 1, 820 

 1, 820 

 1, 553 

 1,553 

 1, 553 

 1,553 

 1,005 



14 



365 

 365 

 365 

 365 

 805 

 865 

 365 

 365 



15 



o.::59 



1. 120 

 1. 930 



16 



0.217 

 0.423 

 0.829 



17 



1.226 



0.576 



1.881 



1.214 



1.582 



1.676 



1.687 



















18 



0.396 

 0.195 

 0.256 

 0.489 

 0.277 

 0.533 

 0.861 

 1.084 

 0.891 

 1. 047 

 1.132 



19 



0.493 

 1.086 

 0.901 



0. 638 

 1.160 



1. 253 



0. 953 

 1.974 

 0.405 



1. 792 

 1.111 

 0.036 



30 



1.101 



0.538 

 0.383 

 1.112 

 0.494 

 0.118 

 0.278 

 1. 187 

 0.264 

 0.807 

 0.498 

 0.078 



31 



0.423 

 0.842 

 1.135 

 0. 552 

 0. 573 

 0.046 



0. 625 

 1.660 

 0.746 

 1.610 



1. 000 

 0. 983 





 0.297 

 0.227 

 0. 595 

 0.583 

 0. 429 

 0.802 

 0.651 

 0.492 

 0.252 

 

 



33 



0.605 

 0.050 

 0.952 

 0.801 

 0. 817 

 7-' 5 



8 1882 







*9 1882 







0.881 

 1.389 

 587 



11 1883 







12 1885 



365 











14 1885 

 17 1S83 



365 







1. 392 

 879 



365 

 .3fi5 







21' 1885 







495 



22 1887 



214! ^14 

 2, 390! 365 

 2, 313| .365 

 1,826 365 

 1, 569 365 

 1,569 305 













4 1881 

 *5 1881 

 10 1882 



6. 6635 



1.584 



0. 595 



1. 027 



0.614 



0.790 



1.077 











0.198 

 0.320 

 0.475 

 0.433 

 0.240 

 0.311 

 0.290 

 0.551 



0.156 

 0.536 

 0. 329 

 0.438 

 0.412 

 0.143 

 0.372 

 0.897 



0.418 

 0.569 

 0. 503 

 0.879 

 0. 258 

 0. 329 

 0.553 

 0.277 

 0.144 



0. 407 

 0.632 

 596 



13 1883 







513 



15* 1883 







313 



16 1883 



1, 401 



365 







421 



18 1884 



1,401 



1,401 



579 



122 



122 



365 

 365 

 365 

 122 

 122 









471 



19 1884 









554 



20 18.=^5-'8G 









.212 



23 1 887 

















24 1887 





































* Marshy ground. 

 IiEAiAEics. — These trial-lengtbs are on single-track road. First group, 25 to 29 trains per day; sec- 

 ond group, 14 trains per day. Hails, 38 kilograms per meter ; steel angle splice bars. Ballast — gravel, 

 sand, and cinder. Heaviest engine on these lines, 50 tons, with 13| tons on tho heaviest axle ; heaviest 

 engine on other linos, 63 tons, with 13.9 tons on the heaviest axle. Speed up to 50 miles per hour (on 

 some parts 60 miles per hour). A day's maintenance per man costs 2.19 francs ; the resxilts of columns 

 15 to 22 may be transformed into days by dividing by 2.19. The figures in columns 15 to 22 give the 

 expense for work of maintenance, not the expense for purchase of new spikes, bolts, etc. Not one 

 of the metal ties in this table, nor of the 124,000 steel ties in use on other lines of the Netherlands 

 State Kiiilroad Company, has broken in the track. 



DISCUSSION. 



E. E. Eussell Tratman, Jan. Am. Soc, C. E. — Haying received from Mr. J. W. Post, 

 only a few days before the convention, tlie paper on "Maintenance Expenses of Track 

 ^vitll Steel and Wooden Ties on the Netlierlaud.s State Eailroad," which I have trans- 

 mitted to the society hy request of Mr. Post, 1 had not time to give as much attention 

 as I would like to have done to this discussion. 



The subject of metal railroad ties is one in which I take very much interest, and 

 for some time past I have been engaged in making extensive investigations and col- 

 lecting information with regard to practice and experience in foreign countries. In 

 making my investigations I have been surprised at the great extent to which metal 

 ties have been actually adopted for service, for while I knew that experiments had 

 been made in many countries, in some cases on a quite extensive scale, I had no idea 

 that, as a result of some of these experiments, many railroads had practically adopted 

 these ties for regular use; this, however, I found to be the case, and several European 

 railroad companies are now gradually substituting metal for wooden ties on their 

 systems. I think few engineers who have not paid especial attention to this matter 

 realize that metal ties are in actual service, the general impression seeming to be that 

 while many experiments have been made and are still being continued, yet that no 

 practical results have been obtained. To this lack of appreciation of the results of 

 foreign experience may be attributed to a considerable degree, I think, the general 



18689-==-Bull. 3-^3 



