38 



wide ends and loose bearing blocks, all held together by a bolt riinuiiig throngh the 

 ■whole length of the tie. 



No, 182,984; date, October:], 1876; Leonora E. Yates. — Cross-ties of "] f ? "\/~,- 



or ~\J~ section, the latter being semi-cylicdrical, with flanges. The rails are fastened 

 by bolted clamps. 



No. 183,763; 183,767; 183,768; date, October 31, 1876; E, E, Lewis. —A cross^tic r.f 

 4- section ; rails of different forms. Also a joint tie of x± section. (See 172,041.) 



No. 185,808; date, December 26, 1876; D. S. Whittenhall.— iL cross-tie of 

 y\y''\y'^^^ section; the rails resting in notches in the top ridges. 



No. 188,087; date, March 6, 1877; H. S. Wilson. — A cross tie of J seetion, with 

 fixed and movable rail clips. 



No. 183,710; date, March 20, 1877; N. S. White.— A continuous bed-plate under 

 each rail, with cross-ties. 



No. 190,739; date. May 15, 1877; A. H. Campbell. — A cast-iron cross-tie, with 

 sockets for wooden bearing-blocks. 



No. 192,842; date, July 10, 1877; A. AV. Serres. — A continuous bearing of _y*\„ 

 section (in two pieces) under each rail, with transverse tie-bars. The web of a flange- 

 less rail lies between the two vertical webs. (This track has been used in Europe, 

 See Engineering News, New York, January 29, 1887, page 73; also Eailroad G^ette, 

 New Y^ork, August 19, 1887.) 



No. 198,0(:6 ; date, December 11, 1877 ; John B. Ward. — A longitudinal iron pipe (for 

 conveying water) under each rail; the bottom of rail curved to fit pipe. 



No. 198,464; date, December 25, 1S77; E. E. Lewis. — A cross-tie consisting of an old 

 rail with two notches cut to the level of the flange to admit the track rails. Two 

 rails with wooden bearing-blocks used at joints. (See 172,041.) 



No. 198,618 ; date, December 25, 1877 ; D. Horrie. — A transverse truss of cast or 

 wrought-iron. Horizontal hook-bolt fastenings. 



No. 201,667 ; date, March 26, 1878; H. A, Haarmann. — Continuous bearing for each 

 rail, with cross-ties. This track has been extensively used in Europe. (See Engi- 

 neering News, New York, January 29, page 74.) (See 219,856.) 



No. 206,647 ; date, July 30, 1878 ; T. W. Travis. -A hollow cross-tie, with boxes at 

 the ends open on top. The rails are held between two czj clips; the groove holds 

 the rail-flange ; the upper web lies against the rail web, and the lower web is wedged 

 into the box. 



No. 207,242; date, August 20, 1878; J. A. Bounell. — An inverted trough cross-tie. 

 with closed ends and corrugated top. Bolted clix^s or angle-bar fastenings for rails. 



No. 207,320 ; date, August 20, 1878 ; J. H. Thompson, — A cross-tie made in two pieces, 

 dove-tailed together iu the middle. The rails rest on wood blocks. 



No. 207,719; date, September 3, 1878; W. E. Curtiss. — A wrought-iron cross-tie of 

 inverted trough section with flaring sides, having a brace of the same section inside 

 under each rail. The ends are oiien. Rails secured by bolted clips. 



No. 210,774; date, December 10, 1878 (patented in Germany, January 18, 1878); F. 

 B. Freudenberg. — A wrought-iron cross-tieof somewhat similar section to the preced- 

 ing one. Hooked clips are riveted on for the inside and outside flange on alternate 

 ties, the rails being sprung into place. Long ties for double tracks. 



No. 214,192; date, April 8, 1879; H. Reese.— A cross-tie of T section, with the ends 

 of the horizontal table turned down at an angle. Clip and wedge fastening. (See 

 163,254.) 



No. 215,675; date. May 20, 1879; H. Reese.— Improvements upon the preceding one. 



No. 216,846; date, June 24, 1879; L. A. Gouch.— A cross-tie of — [— section, the 

 longitudinal web being the widest and having its edges turned up or down. 



No. 218,559 ; date, August 12, 18/^9; S. Nicholls (of England),— A continuous broad 

 bed-plate under each rail, for street railways. The rail is formed of two channels, 

 leaving a space between for the wheel flauge ^ ^. 



No. 218,603; date, August 12, 1879 ; A. P. Whiting,— A cross-tie of H section, the 

 top flange cut away for tlie rails. Bolted eli])shol(l the inner flanges of rails. 



