76 



Paga 



Durability of chestnut-oak ties , 52 



of trees, effect on, of cutting in the sap (note) 53 



*' Durand" railway tie, France, description of 22 



Economy of timber supply, how jn'omoted by railroads 69 



Egypt, use of metal ties in 15 



Elastic tie-plate, Sweden 23 



Elm, experiments in seasoning 59 



Engineers, American Society of Civil, discussion of use of metal tracks 33 



England, preservation of railway ties in 47 



use of metal ties in 11 



English system of track 8 



Expenses of maintaining track on wooden and metal ties 25, 32 



Experiments in wood-seasoning 57 



Fernow, B. E., letter of submittal 5 



Notes on metal ties 8, 23 



^ •' Durand " metal tie 22 



Forest area of the United States 69 



Forest fires, connection of railroads with 72 



France, use of metal ties in 11 



Germany, use of metal ties in 13 



Great Northern Railway (Ireland), mode used by, for preserving wooden ties.. 51 



''Hartford" tie 9 



description of - 20 



• ' Heindl "' system of track, Austria 13 



"Hohenegger " system of track, Austria 13 



India, use of metal ties in 15 



'•'International" tie, Boston and Maine, and Maine Central Railroads, descrip- 

 tion of 20 



Italy, use of metal ties in 14 



Japan, use of metal ties in 15 



Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, mode of preserving wooden ties 50 



Liguum-vitse ties 23 



Maintenance expenses of track on wooden and metal ties 25, 32 



Metal tie, requisites for a perfect 23 



considerations in favor of 25 



notes 23 



Metal ties, use of, in the United States 8 



some American 20 



* different systems of 26 



resolutions of railroad congress at Milan in regard to the uss of 35 



Metal track, use of, for railways in foreign countries, report on 11 



first suggestion of 23 



discussion of, before American Society of Civil Engineers 33 



patents relating to 3q 



use in Europe : 11 



Africa 14 



Asia ir> 



Australia 16 



South America 17 



Mexico 17 



Mexico, use of metal ties in 17 



Netherlands state railways, use of metal ties on 12 



different systems used 26 



experiments with 25, 31 



New South Wales, use of metal ties in 17 



