Improved pasture. — Cleared or open land under fence, 

 used primarily for grazing, upon which an effort has been 

 made to maintain a sod. 



Abandoned agricultural land. — Formerly cultivated land 

 that shows distinct signs of having been abandoned for 

 farm crop production, but on which no attempt has been 

 made to maintain improved pasture conditions. 



Other areas. — Areas included within the corporate limits 

 of cities and towns, and suburban and industrial sections; 

 power, rail, and highway rights-of-way; marsh; nonmean- 

 dered waterways; and prairie. 



Species Groups 



Pines. — Turpentine: Longleaf and slash pines {Pinus 

 palustris and P. caribaea). Nonturpentine: L.oblolly, 

 shortleaf, and spruce pines (P. taeda, P. echinata, and P. 

 glabra). Included with nonturpentine pines are eastern 

 redcedar {Juniperus virginiana) and Atlantic white-cedar 

 {Chamaecyparis thyoides). 



Hardwoods. — Soft-textured: Sweetgum ■* (Liquidambar 

 styraciflua), tupelos {Nyssa spp.), southern sweetbay 

 {Magnolia virginiana australis), red maple {Acer rubrum), 

 southern magnolia {M. grandiflora), and species of similar 

 texture. Firm-textured: Red oaks and white oaks {'\>uer- 

 cus spp.), ashes {Fraxinus spp.), elms {Ulmus spp.), hicko- 

 ries {Hicoria spp.), and species ot similar texture. 



Cypress. — Baldcypress and pondcypress {Taxodium dis- 

 tichum and T. ascendens). Except where specified other- 

 wise, cypress is included with the sott-textured hardwoods. 



Forest-Type Groups 



In pine types, the pine species constitute at least 75 

 percent of the board-toot volume in sawlog-size stands 

 and at least 75 percent of the dominant and codominant 

 stems in under-sawlog size stands; in hardwood types, 

 hardwood species are similarly represented. In pine- 

 hardwood types, neither species group constitutes so much 

 as 75 percent of the board-foot volume in sawlog-size 

 stands or samuch as 75 percent of the number ot dominant 

 and codominant stems in under-sawlog-size stands. 



Longleaf and slash pines. — Includes the following forest 

 types: Longleaf pine, longleaf-slash pine, longleaf-loblolly 

 pine, longleat-shortleaf pine, longleaf pine-hardwood, slash 

 pine, slash pine-cypress, and turpentine pine-hardwoods. 



Shortleaf -loblolly pines and shortleaj -loblolly pines-hard- 

 woods. — Includes the following forest types: Shortleaf 

 pine, shortleaf-loblolly pine, shortleaf pine-hardwoods, 

 loblolly pine, loblolly pine-hardwoods, nonturpentine pine, 

 nonturpentine pine-hardwoods, and pine-hardwood. 



^ The heartwood of this species is known to the lumber trade as redgum 

 and the sapwood as sapgum. 



Upland hardwoods. — Includes upland hardwood and 

 scrub oak-scrub hardwood types. 



Bottom-land hardwoods. — Includes the following forest 

 types: Sweetgum-water oak, sugarberry ("hackberry")- 

 elm-ash, overcup oak-water hickory ("bitter pecan"), 

 cypress-tupelos, scrub coastal hardwoods, scrub coastal 

 cypress, water oaks, mixed oak-mixed hardwoods, and a 

 generalized bottom-land hardwood type characteristic of 

 the smaller stream bottoms outside the Mississippi River 

 Delta. 



Forest Conditions 



Old-growth stands. — Stands composed predominantly of 

 trees of saw-timber size that, with regard to age, size, form, 

 clearness of stem, density of grain, and quality of pros- 

 pective yield, have the characteristics of the original 

 mature stands found in the region. 



Old-growth uncut. — Old-growth stands from which less 

 than 10 percent of the volume has been cut. 



Old-growth partly cut. — Old-growth stands from which 

 10 percent or more of the volume has been cut, but in which 

 the remaining old-growth saw timber contains at least 

 1 ,000 board feet per acre of hardwood or pine and hardwood 

 mixed, in the Mississippi River Delta, or 600 board feet 

 per acre of pine or pine-hardwood mixed, outside the Delta. 



Second-growth sawlog-size uncut. — Second-growth sawlog- 

 size stands from which less than 10 percent of the sawlog- 

 size trees have been cut, and in which the remaining saw 

 timber contains at least 600 board feet per acre. 



Second-growth sawlog-size partly cut. — Second-growth 

 sawlog-size stands from which 10 percent or more of the 

 sawlog-size trees have been cut, but in which the remain- 

 ing saw timber contains at least 400 board feet per acre. 



Second-growth under-sawlog-size. — Second-growth stands 

 composed predominantly of under-sawlog-size trees at least 

 1.0 inch d.b.h.^ The saw timber present totals less than 

 600 board feet per acre in uncut stands and less than 400 

 board feet per acre in partly cut stands. 



Reproduction. — Areas on which the forest growth does 

 not meet any of the foregoing definitions but that bear 

 per acre more than 80 seedlings or sprouts of commercial 

 species less than 1.0 inch d.b.h. 



Clear-cut. — Cut-over areas on which forest growth is 

 insufficient to justify classification as old-growth partly 

 cut, second-growth, or reproduction. 



Class A forests. — Saw-timber forest areas in the Missis- 

 sippi Delta units that bear 1 M board feet or more per 

 acre of high-grade saw-timber material, regardless of 

 species. 



' D.b.h. = diameter at breast height, or 4'^ feet. 



