mass, gum in tears, and powder* The lump, or mass, form is used in deer 

 control. Lumps the size of a golf hall are placed in a cotton sack, sim- 

 ilar to a tohacco hag, and one is hung 3 to 4 feet from the ground on 

 each tree (pi. 1, A). Purchased in small quantities, 1 pound of asafet- 

 ida costs 35 cents and is sufficient for 12 portions. The hags cost ahout 

 1 cent each, or they may he made from cheesecloth for much less. 



The repellent $dor given off hy the asafetida will often k.op doer 

 from trees. The odor continues as long as the gum remains soft, tout it 

 diminishes with hardening and finally loses its effectiveness. Cno appli- 

 cation, therefore, may last throughout a moist summer, hut in dry weather 

 the asafetida may harden in 5 to 6 weeks and the hags will need renewal. 



Naphthalene Flakes 



A partially effective repellent is naphthalene flakes, a chemical 

 similar in composition to moth halls. These flakes sell for about 5 cents 

 a pound in "barrel lots. Ahout 2 heaping tahle spoons are used to the hag, 

 1 pound heing sufficient for ahout 15 portions. For a small tree only one 

 hag is needed, hut for trees 5 or 6 years of age about three bags should 

 he used. This material also is affected hy weather conditions. In dry 

 periods the fillings last ahout 2 months, hut in wot weather only ahout 5 

 weeks. Luring an average season the hags may he refilled ahout four times. 



Automatic Flash Gun 



The automatic flash gun also has proved effective as a scaring de- 

 vice in keeping deer from a numher of orchards. This apparatus produces 

 a loud explosion every fevz minutes, while the pilot burner throws a beam 

 of light in different directions as the device swings ahout in the rind. 

 The gun is hung from a tree or tripod (pi. 1, 3) 4 to 5 feet from the 

 ground and operates by water dripping on carbide, thus generating an ex- 

 plosive gas. Daily renewal of carbide «jid water is necessary. Cno gun, 

 which will effectively protect an area of 1,000 trees, sells for $35, but 

 txie ope rati ng^ expense is small. Carbide costs $6 a hundred pounds, a 

 quantity that should be sufficient for about 3 months, or the average sea- 

 son when damage may occur. 



The device is generally set in operation a little before dusk 

 runs until after daybreak, or until it can be conveniently turned off. 

 Although deer may pass through the orchard while the gun is in use, :. 

 usually will not stop to eat. 



One disadvantage of the automatic flash gun is that it may bo an- 

 noying in areas near homes or much-traveled highways. The reports can be 

 heard within a radius of 1 mile if the rind is blowing and within 500 

 yards if it is not. The report is loud enough to disturb those living in 

 nearby homes, and when the writer conducted experiments in o 

 which a State highway passed, a number of people stopped to invest 

 the supposed shooting. 



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