12 MISC. PUBLICATION 162, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
green, and red ashes; American, rock, and slippery elms; red and 
silver maples; beech; pitch, shortleaf, and Virginia pines; yellow 
poplar; sycamore; chestnut; black walnut; cottonwood; hackberry ; 
black cherry; basswood; buckeye; and red cedar. ‘The species of the 
southern portion include white, post, southern red, blackjack, chest- 
nut, swamp chestnut, and pin oaks; red and black gums; whiteheart, 
pignut, and southern shagbark hickories; shortleaf and Virginia 
pines; white, blue, and red ashes; yellow poplar; black locust; elms; 
sycamore; black walnut; silver and red maples; beech; buckeye; 
dogwood; persimmon; cottonwoods and willows; red cedar; and 
Osage orange. The Texas portion includes post, southern red, and 
blackjack oaks; and mountain and other cedars. 
F—227353 
Figure 7.—A stand of mixed hardwoods in the hardwood region (Illinois). 
SOUTHERN ForREST REGION 
South of the hardwood region hes the southern forest, extend- 
ing through all of the South Atlantic and Gulf States from 
Eastern Texas to the southeast corner of Virginia, and including all of 
Florida except the southern tip. It takes in the southern and eastern 
parts of Arkansas and the extreme southeastern corner of Missouri. 
It is composed mostly of pinelands and alluvial bottoms and swamps. 
Most important in the southern forest are its pinelands, where grow 
the four pines for which the South is famous—longleaf, slash, short- 
leaf, and loblolly (fig. 8). Lumber from these pines is all marketed 
as southern yellow pine, which since the decline of the white pine 
forests of the North has been the mainstay of the eastern and central 
lumber markets. ‘The production of southern yellow pine, however, 
has passed its peak, and is declining In addition to being valuable 
