
LIME-SULPHUR PREPARATIONS FOR APPLE DISEASES. E 
lons to 50 gallons of water. Arsenate of lead at the rate of 2 
pounds to 50 gallons was used with the self-boiled mixture, the 
home-boiled solution, and the Bordeaux mixture. The commercial 
solution was used with arsenate of lead at the rate of 2 pounds 
to 50 gallons, with Paris green at the rate of 6 ounces to 50: 
gallons, and without any poison. In the Mount Jackson orchard. 
the trees were sprayed: First, as soon as the petals fell; second,. 
three to four weeks after the petals fell; and third, nine to ten weeks: 
after the petals fell. The Fishersville orchard, on account of scab,. 
received an additional application, which was made just before the 
trees bloomed. The Crozet orchard recetved the same treatment as. 
the Mount Jackson orchard, and on account of bitter-rot a fourth 
application three to four weeks after the third. 
In the same orchards spraying demonstrations for the control of 
insects and diseases were conducted jointly by the Bureau of Ento- 
mology and the Bureau of Plant Industry, following the schedules 
of applications just mentioned, which were prepared by Mr. A. Lu 
Quaintance and the writer, the former being responsible for that por- 
tion relating to insect control. A discussion of these demonstrations. 
will not be included in the present paper. 
THE EFFECT OF THE SPRAYS ON THE FOLIAGE. 
One of the objects of these experiments was to determine the effect 
of the several lime-sulphur preparations in combination with arsen- 
icals on the foliage of different varieties. Several times at intervals 
during the season notes were made on the condition of the foliage. 
of the trees in the experimental plats. The weather was mostly 
cloudy and rainy from early spring until about July 1, so that the con- 
ditions were favorable to the development of spray injury. Durmg 
the latter half of the season, however, practically no rain fell. 
In every case, except on the Winesap, where Paris green was used 
with the commercial lime-sulphur solutions, the foliage was badly 
burned and in some instances the trees sprayed with this combination 
lost half of their foliage. The Winesap did not suffer so much injury 
from this or any of the other sprays as did the other varieties. This 
variety was used in the experiments of the previous year conducted 
in Nebraska by the Bureau of Plant Industry, and the fact that the 
commercial solution at the rate of 2 gallons to 50 gallons of water and 
6 ounces of Paris green caused only a slight damage to the foliage 
indicated that the combination might be practicable. It is evident, 
however, from the Virginia experiments that it is entirely unsafe 
to use Paris green with the lime-sulphur sprays. 
The commercial lime-sulphur solution at the rate of 14 gallons to 50 
gallons of water and 2 pounds of arsenate of lead injured the fohage 
[ Cir. 54] 
